What Is Layer 0 in Blockchain?

Binance Academy · 2023-01-10T09:35:12.000Z

TL;DR Layer 0 protocols are essentially the infrastructure upon which Layer 1 blockchains can be built. As a foundational layer to blockchain networks and applications, Layer 0 protocols are among many solutions aiming to fix the challenges the industry faces, such as scalability and interoperability. Introduction What makes up a blockchain ecosystem? One way to categorize different parts of such an ecosystem is to classify them by layers, as if they were Internet protocols. A blockchain ecosystem can be classified according to the following layers: Layer 0: The underlying infrastructure upon which multiple Layer 1 blockchains can be built. Layer 1: Base blockchains used by developers to build applications, such as decentralized applications (DApps). Layer 2: Scaling solutions that handle activities off Layer 1 blockchains to ease their transactional loads. Layer 3: Blockchain-based application layer, including games, wallets, and other DApps. However, not all blockchain ecosystems can be classified into these categories. Some ecosystems may miss certain layers, while others can be categorized as different layers, depending on the context. Layer 0 protocols help to remedy the challenges faced by Layer 1 networks built with a monolithic architecture, such as the Ethereum network. By creating a more flexible base infrastructure and letting developers launch their own purpose-specific blockchains, Layer 0 hopes to more efficiently tackle problems such as scalability and interoperability. What Problems Can Layer 0 Solve? Interoperability Interoperability refers to the ability of blockchain networks to communicate with one another. This property enables a more tightly interwoven network of blockchain-enabled products and services, which in turn offers a better user experience. Blockchain networks built on the same Layer 0 protocol can interact with one another by default, without the need for dedicated bridges. Using different iterations of cross-chain transfer protocols, Layer 0 allows an ecosystem’s blockchains to build upon one another’s features and use cases. Some common outcomes of this are enhanced transaction speeds and greater efficiency. Scalability A monolithic blockchain such as Ethereum is often congested because a single Layer 1 protocol is providing all the critical functions, such as transaction execution, consensus, and data availability. This creates a bottleneck for scaling that Layer 0 can alleviate by delegating these critical functions to different blockchains. This design ensures that blockchain networks built upon the same Layer 0 infrastructure can each optimize certain tasks, thereby enhancing scalability. For example, execution chains can be optimized to handle high numbers of transactions per second. Developer flexibility To encourage developers to build on them, Layer 0 protocols often provide easy-to-use software development kits (SDKs) and a seamless interface to ensure developers can easily launch their own purpose-specific blockchains. Layer 0 protocols give developers great flexibility to customize their own blockchains, allowing them to define their own token issuance models and control the type of DApps they want built on their blockchains. How Does a Layer 0 Protocol Work? There are different ways in which Layer 0 protocols operate. Each differs in its design, features, and focuses. But generally, Layer 0 protocols serve as the main and primary blockchain backing up transaction data from various Layer 1 chains. While there are clusters of Layer 1 chains built on Layer 0 protocols, there are also cross-chain transfer protocols that enable tokens and data to be transferred across different blockchains. The structures and relationships of these three components can differ greatly from one Layer 0 protocol to another. Here, we’ll look at some examples: Polkadot Ethereum co-founder Gavin Wood designed Polkadot to allow developers to build their own blockchains. The protocol uses a main chain — called the Polkadot Relay Chain — and each independent blockchain built on Polkadot is known as a parallel chain, or parachain. The Relay Chain functions as a bridge between parachains to enable efficient data communication. It uses sharding, a method of splitting blockchains or other types of databases, to make transaction processing more efficient. Polkadot uses proof-of-stake (PoS) validation to ensure network security and consensus. Projects that want to build on Polkadot participate in auctions to bid for slots. Polkadot’s first parachain project was approved in an auction in December 2021. Avalanche Launched in 2020 by Ava Labs with a focus on DeFi protocols, Avalanche uses a tri-blockchain infrastructure consisting of three core chains: the Contract Chain (C-chain), the Exchange Chain (X-chain), and the Platform Chain (P-chain). These three chains are configured specifically to handle major functions within the ecosystem, in order to enhance security while aiming for low latency and high throughput. The X-Chain is used to create and trade assets, the C-Chain to create smart contracts, and the P-Chain to coordinate validators and subnets. Avalanche’s flexible structure also makes fast and cheap cross-chain swaps possible. Cosmos Founded in 2014 by Ethan Buchman and Jae Kwon, the Cosmos network consists of a PoS blockchain mainnet called Cosmos Hub and customized blockchains known as Zones. Cosmos Hub transfers assets and data between the connected Zones and provides a shared layer of security. Each Zone is highly customizable, allowing developers to design their own cryptocurrency, with custom block validation settings and other features. All Cosmos apps and services hosted in these Zones interact via the Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC) protocol. This enables assets and data to be freely exchanged across independent blockchains. Closing thoughts Depending on how they are designed, Layer 0 blockchains can potentially address some of the industry’s challenges, such as interoperability and scalability. However, how successful Layer 0 blockchain adoption will be remains to be seen. There are many competing solutions aiming to achieve similar goals. How significant a role Layer 0 blockchains will play in solving the industry’s challenges will depend on their ability to attract developers to build on these protocols, and whether the applications hosted on them provide real value to users. Further Reading What Is Layer 1 in Blockchain? Blockchain Layer 1 vs. Layer 2 Scaling Solutions What Is the Blockchain Trilemma?

長話短說
Layer 0 協議本質上是構建 Layer 1 區塊鏈的基礎設施。作爲區塊鏈網絡和應用程序的基礎層，第 0 層協議是旨在解決行業面臨的挑戰（例如可擴展性和互操作性）的衆多解決方案之一。
介紹區塊鏈生態系統由什麼組成？對這種生態系統的不同部分進行分類的一種方法是按層次進行分類，就像它們是互聯網協議一樣。
區塊鏈生態系統可以根據以下層次進行分類：
第 0 層：可以建構多個第 1 層區塊鏈的底層基礎設施。
第 1 層：開發人員用來建立應用程式的基礎區塊鏈，例如去中心化應用程式 (DApp)。
第 2 層：擴展解決方案，處理第 1 層區塊鏈上的活動，以減輕其交易負載。
第三層：基於區塊鏈的應用層，包括遊戲、錢包和其他DApp。
然而，並非所有區塊鏈生態系統都可以歸類在這些類別。有些生態系統可能會遺漏某些層，而有些生態系則可以根據上下文分為不同的層。
第 0 層協定有助於解決使用整體架構建構的第 1 層網路（例如以太坊網路）所面臨的挑戰。透過創建更靈活的基礎設施並讓開發人員推出自己的專用區塊鏈，Layer 0 希望更有效地解決可擴展性和互通性等問題。
Layer 0 能解決什麼問題？互通性互通性是指區塊鏈網路相互通訊的能力。這項特性使得區塊鏈產品和服務的網路更加緊密地交織在一起，從而提供更好的用戶體驗。
基於相同第 0 層協議構建的區塊鏈網路預設可以相互交互，無需專用橋接器。使用跨鏈傳輸協議的不同迭代，第 0 層允許生態系統的區塊鏈建立在彼此的功能和用例之上。這樣做的一些常見結果是提高交易速度和效率。
可擴展性像以太坊這樣的整體區塊鏈通常很擁堵，因為單一第 1 層協定提供了所有關鍵功能，例如事務執行、共識和資料可用性。這造成了擴展瓶頸，第 0 層可以透過將這些關鍵功能委託給不同的區塊鏈來緩解這一瓶頸。
這種設計確保基於相同第 0 層基礎設施構建的區塊鏈網路可以各自優化某些任務，從而增強可擴展性。例如，可以最佳化執行鏈以每秒處理大量交易。
開發人員彈性為了鼓勵開發人員在其基礎上進行構建，第 0 層協議通常提供易於使用的軟體開發工具包 (SDK) 和無縫接口，以確保開發人員可以輕鬆啟動自己的特定用途區塊鏈。
Layer 0 協議為開發人員提供了極大的靈活性來自訂自己的區塊鏈，使他們能夠定義自己的代幣發行模型並控制他們想要在區塊鏈上建立的 DApp 類型。
第 0 層協定如何運作？第 0 層協定的運作方式有多種。每個的設計、功能和重點各不相同。
但一般來說，第 0 層協定充當主要區塊鏈，備份來自各個第 1 層鏈的交易資料。雖然存在基於第 0 層協議構建的第 1 層鏈集群，但也存在跨鏈傳輸協議，使代幣和數據能夠跨不同的區塊鏈傳輸。
不同的第 0 層協定這三個組件的結構和關係可能有很大不同。在這裡，我們將看一些範例：
波爾卡圓點以太坊聯合創始人 Gavin Wood 設計 Polkadot 是為了讓開發者能夠建立自己的區塊鏈。該協議使用一條主鏈——稱為 Polkadot 中繼鏈——而建立在 Polkadot 上的每個獨立區塊鏈稱為平行鍊或平行鏈。
中繼鏈充當平行鏈之間的橋樑，以實現高效的資料通訊。它使用分片（一種分割區塊鏈或其他類型資料庫的方法）來提高交易處理效率。
Polkadot 使用權益證明（PoS）驗證來確保網路安全和共識。想要在 Polkadot 上建造的項目參與拍賣以競標插槽。 Polkadot 的第一個平行鏈項目在 2021 年 12 月的拍賣中獲得批准。
雪崩Avalanche 由 Ava Labs 於 2020 年推出，專注於 DeFi 協議，採用三區塊鏈基礎設施，由三個核心鏈組成：合約鏈（C 鏈）、交易鏈（X 鏈）和平台鏈（P 鏈）。 -鏈）。
這三個鏈專門用於處理生態系統內的主要功能，以增強安全性，同時實現低延遲和高吞吐量。 X鏈用於創建和交易資產，C鏈用於創建智能合約，P鏈用於協調驗證器和子網路。 Avalanche 靈活的結構也使得快速且廉價的跨鏈交換成為可能。
宇宙Cosmos 網路由 Ethan Buchman 和 Jae Kwon 於 2014 年創立，由名為 Cosmos Hub 的 PoS 區塊鏈主網和名為 Zones 的客製化區塊鏈組成。 Cosmos Hub 在連接的區域之間傳輸資產和數據，並提供共享的安全層。
每個區域都是高度可自訂的，允許開發人員設計自己的加密貨幣，並具有自訂區塊驗證設定和其他功能。這些區域中託管的所有 Cosmos 應用程式和服務都透過區塊鏈間通訊 (IBC) 協定進行互動。這使得資產和數據可以在獨立的區塊鏈之間自由交換。
結束語根據設計方式，第 0 層區塊鏈有可能解決該行業的一些挑戰，例如互通性和可擴展性。然而，第 0 層區塊鏈的採用是否成功仍有待觀察。有許多旨在實現類似目標的競爭解決方案。
第 0 層區塊鏈在解決行業挑戰方面將發揮多大作用，將取決於它們吸引開發人員基於這些協議進行構建的能力，以及其上託管的應用程式是否為用戶提供真正的價值。
進一步閱讀什麼是區塊鏈中的第一層？
區塊鏈第 1 層與第 2 層擴展解決方案
什麼是區塊鏈三難困境？

什麼是區塊鏈中的第 0 層？

介紹

Layer 0 能解決什麼問題？

互通性

可擴展性

開發人員彈性

第 0 層協定如何運作？

波爾卡圓點

雪崩

宇宙

結束語

進一步閱讀

創作者的更多內容

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