Wash Trading is a method of trading where large asset holders trade among themselves, creating the illusion of activity and misleading retail investors.
The mechanism is simple: alternating red and green candles. Wash trading is used for two main reasons:
- Creating the appearance of activity or demand for a particular currency/trading pair.
- Artificial increase in trading volumes to pay exchange commissions under the guise of trading operations.
A great example is the NFT.
The year 2021 was marked by a boom in NFT.
According to ChainAnalysis, at least $44.2 billion was transferred into ERC-721 and ERC-1155 contracts, opening up opportunities for Wash Trading and money laundering through self-financed transactions. NFT purchases were often made by sellers or their sponsors. There were several hundred such transactions.
Pump & Dump
The classic approach: disseminate information that creates expectations of asset growth and increases demand. When the price reaches the right level, the scheme participants sell off their assets, making money on inexperienced investors.
The basic methods of provoking a pamp and a dump:
- Hype: loud statements about "the next bitcoin" or "Ethereum killer" create optimism among investors, but in 95% of cases it is just speculation and more of a warning signal.
- Price spikes: If a little-known token increases in price quickly, you should be cautious. Parabolic growth can be a trap for retail investors.
- News cycles: positive news coincides with big buys by big players, creating a sense of successful news trading and "whale insiders," which motivates retail investors to buy.
Examples of Pump Events:
— Crypto.com is being promoted at the Super Bowl.
— Tesla buys BTC.
— Coinbase is going public.
— Elon Musk changes the Twitter icon to Dogecoin.
All of this news is designed to create excitement and stimulate impulse buying by retail investors.
Bear Raid
The essence of this tactic is that large market participants open short positions and start spreading negative information about the asset, creating FUD (fear, uncertainty and doubt).
If FUD is in effect, investors panic and close long positions, effectively becoming "fuel" for short-termers.
A typical pattern of a bear raid is as follows:
- Running FUD.
- Opening several large short positions.
- Maintaining panic among investors.
- Profit Fixation.
To counter this type of manipulation, it is important to use a variety of sources of information and to distinguish substantiated negativity from FUD.
Spoofing is a method of manipulation that involves placing false orders that are canceled before they are executed.
Since the number of buy and sell orders is one of the main trend indicators for traders, bogus orders can provoke decisions that benefit the manipulator.
Example: On May 6, 2010, the news about the Greek crisis in the EU began to be actively discussed.
But suddenly the U.S. indices fell 10% in a matter of seconds, causing a momentary panic. A few minutes later, prices recovered as if nothing had happened.
The main goal of participants in financial markets, including cryptocurrency markets, is to make a profit.
However, different players use different methods: some achieve their goals through research, mistakes and long-term strategies, while others deliberately deceive investors to manipulate prices and make easy and quick profits.
To be successful in the crypto market, it is important to be able to resist manipulation, rely on verified information, and conduct in-depth analysis when making decisions.
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