What Is a Spoon (Blockchain)?

A spoon is a type of blockchain fork where the new cryptocurrency inherits the account balances of an existing cryptocurrency. It allows a new project to add its own features to the previous software, whilst still allowing the users of the existing protocol to participate in it. Projects spoon in order to attract users and developers of an established platform. They are more amicable than contentious in nature. However, they are very not common in the blockchain industry since their implementation isn’t exactly convenient.

A spoon differs from the more common hard fork by its nature and intention. Most hard forks are contentious, while spoons are collaboration-focused. Hard forks also use the same token as the existing chain, whilst spoons merely copy balances and use another custom token for their purposes. Furthermore, hard forks are designed to steal market share and dominance of an existing platform, while spoons complement the technical prowess of the projects they copy balances from.

Thanks to its large user base and developer community, Ethereum is the most used protocol for spooning. Typical examples include Athereum and Cosmos, both of which took snapshots of the Ethereum blockchain to note and port account balances on their new networks. Unsurprisingly, these networks are compatible with the Ethereum mainnet in various ways and also introduce their own improvements/functionalities to it. But despite copying balances, they have their own tokens and don’t use ETH.

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Spear phishing is a targeted attack that uses information from social media, work emails, and other sources to launch a one-on-one phishing attack against an individual.
Spear phishing is more dangerous than mass phishing because it uses your personal information (for example, your interest) to gain your trust. This technique is used mostly by cybercriminals to gather information about your organization so they can exploit vulnerabilities and cause maximum disruption.
The biggest threat of spear-phishing is the damage that it inflicts on the reputation of your business. Whether it's a fake CEO email asking for personal details, spoofing a supplier to gain access to their systems, or tricking staff into installing malware on their computer, every instance of spear-phishing can leave staff feeling anxious and vulnerable. In some cases, they get too embarrassed to admit that they fell for a scam, which means the issue could be overlooked and remain undetected for a long period of time.

How to Save Yourself from Spear Phishing?
Spear phishing is a targeted form of phishing. If you receive an email from someone you barely know requesting sensitive personal information, don't give it out. These emails are usually not sent randomly. The sender may know the person they are trying to scam, including their personal details and interests. They might even know their phone number and address.
Spear phishing can also target people in an organization, such as employees in a particular department or company executives. These attackers usually pretend to be someone whom your business deals with on a regular basis, such as a supplier or customer. Therefore, you should open all types of emails with caution.

Here are some of the steps you can take to prevent spear phishing:
- The foremost thing is to seek awareness regarding cyberattacks and phishing. Organizations need to ensure that they organized education and awareness programs for employees, teaching them how to spot strange links, protect passwords, use social media carefully, and identify suspicious emails.
- To supplement awareness and education, ensure the use of solid email security software. Such software identifies and blocks phishing emails and other cyberattacks.
- No matter how aware and cautious you are, there is a possibility that you will end up being its victim. It is always recommended to create a full backup of your data in an external hard drive, USB, or cloud storage.
- Always use updated versions of software. Hackers constantly improve their methods to get access somehow, which is why it is crucial to ensure top-notch safety by regularly updating your software and installing new security patches.

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What is Black Swan Event ?
A Black Swan event refers to an extremely rare, unexpected, and highly impactful occurrence that has significant consequences, often beyond what is normally anticipated or predicted by historical data and models. The term "Black Swan" was popularized by author Nassim Nicholas Taleb in his book "The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable."
In the context of finance and economics, a Black Swan event typically involves an event or series of events that cause severe disruptions to financial markets, economies, and societal systems. These events are characterized by their unpredictability and the substantial impact they have on various aspects of society.
Black Swan events can include financial market crashes, economic recessions, geopolitical crises, natural disasters, and technological failures. These events are challenging to foresee because they are outside the realm of regular expectations and often challenge conventional wisdom and established theories.
The concept of a Black Swan event highlights the limitations of traditional risk assessment models, as they often fail to account for such extreme and unforeseen occurrences. These events serve as a reminder that the world is inherently uncertain and that preparing for and managing the impact of rare, unpredictable events is crucial for individuals, businesses, and governments.
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