According to PANews, a report by Galaxy Research indicates that the majority of Bitcoin rollups are likely to be unsustainable due to high transaction fees. The report highlights that Bitcoin rollups require millions of dollars annually to maintain operations. Galaxy Research explains that each individual data publishing transaction can occupy up to 400KB (0.4MB) of block space, effectively taking up 10% of an entire block. With multiple rollups expected to publish data every 6 to 8 blocks, the base layer fees could escalate rapidly, making small transactions prohibitively expensive. Only those rollups that can generate the highest fee revenue and cover block fees will be able to sustain their operations in this competitive environment for block space. Galaxy estimates that in a low-fee environment, where the average transaction cost is 10 sat/VB, rollups would need to generate $460,000 in monthly fees to maintain Bitcoin's security. In a high-fee environment, driven by frequent activities such as Ordinals or token minting through Runes or BRC-20 standards, the monthly cost could soar to $2.3 million.