Some differences between different countries in the issuance of sovereign credit currencies are briefly summarized as follows:

Developed economies (such as the United States, the Eurozone, etc.):

There is strong economic strength and financial system support behind the issuance of currency, and it has a strong credit foundation.

The currency is widely used worldwide, forming a "dominant currency" status.

Monetary policy formulation is relatively independent and has a great influence on the global monetary system.

Flexible adjustment of money supply through "credit creation" and other means.

Emerging market economies (such as xx, India, etc.):

The economic development level and financial system are relatively weak, and the credit foundation needs to be further consolidated.

Currency issuance mainly relies on foreign exchange reserves and is subject to exchange rate fluctuations.

Monetary policy is greatly affected by external factors, and the regulatory space is relatively limited.

Usually, more prudent monetary policies are adopted to prevent risks such as exchange rates and inflation.

Developing countries (such as African countries, Latin American countries, etc.):

The economic foundation is weak, the financial system is underdeveloped, and the credit foundation is fragile.

Currency issuance is susceptible to political interference, and monetary policy independence is poor.

High inflation, sharp fluctuations in exchange rates and other problems often occur, and fiscal deficits are often accompanied by excessive currency issuance.

Some countries adopt policies such as "anchoring" to maintain currency stability, but the risks are relatively high.

In general, the logic of sovereign currency issuance varies greatly among different countries, mainly depending on factors such as their economic strength, the degree of development of their financial system, and their institutional environment. This also reflects the inequality of the international monetary system.