The National Development and Reform Commission, the National Data Bureau, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly issued the (National Data Infrastructure Construction Guidelines), laying the foundation for the future digital economy ecosystem. This document not only outlines the overall framework for the construction of the data element market but also focuses on the construction of digital identity, data asset rights confirmation and transaction, blockchain, and privacy computing platforms, comprehensively promoting the trusted flow and secure sharing of data.
Interpretation of Core Policy Content
1. A National Integrated Distributed Digital Identity System
In a digital society, identity authentication runs through various online services and transaction scenarios. Currently, the identity authentication systems established independently by various industries and regions face issues such as inconsistent standards and poor cross-regional compatibility. This fragmentation leads to users frequently needing to re-authenticate, increasing the threshold for using digital services.
Guideline Highlights:
Unified identity identification generation, registration, and authentication mechanism: Achieve standardized identity authentication processes through a unified identification generation and authentication system, reducing costs for cross-regional and cross-industry use.
Distributed Digital Identity System: Adopts a distributed architecture, ensuring decentralized storage of identity data, privacy protection, and traceability through technologies such as blockchain, reducing reliance on a single centralized institution and improving data security.
Potential Impact:
A unified digital identity system will provide more convenient services for digital government, digital finance, online education, healthcare, and other fields, reducing the complexity of identity verification.
The introduction of distributed identity means individuals can controllably share identity information across different services, enhancing privacy protection capabilities and promoting interconnectivity of digital identities across scenarios.
2. Data Asset Certificates and Transaction Certificate System
As data gradually becomes a new production factor, the demand for data asset rights confirmation and circulation is becoming increasingly urgent. However, due to the lack of unified standards and credible rights confirmation mechanisms, data asset transactions face challenges such as difficulty in rights confirmation, tracing, and pricing, resulting in limited development of the data element market.
Guideline Highlights:
Data Asset Certificates: Unified standards for data rights confirmation and circulation, forming standardized digital asset certificates to provide legal protection for data asset circulation.
Transaction Certificates: Use technologies such as blockchain and smart contracts to improve the traceability and credibility of certificates, ensuring the security and transparency of data in transaction processes.
Technical Means: The document clearly states support for using blockchain, encryption technology, smart contracts, and other means to ensure the transparency and security of data rights confirmation and transactions.
Potential Impact:
The establishment of a data asset certificate system will promote further maturity of the data element market, making data rights confirmation, circulation, and pricing possible.
The introduction of blockchain technology helps to build a trusted data trading environment, attracting more industry participation, especially high-value data from finance, healthcare, and government sectors.
3. New Type of Technological Infrastructure Construction: Blockchain and Privacy Computing
Currently, blockchain technology exhibits huge potential in data rights confirmation, smart contract execution, identity management, etc., but issues such as performance and cost limit its large-scale application. At the same time, privacy protection computing technology is gradually maturing, providing new ideas for the secure sharing of data.
Guideline Highlights:
Blockchain Network: Encourage local and industry exploration of blockchain infrastructure, promoting its application in scenarios such as data rights confirmation and transaction certificates.
Privacy Protection Computing Platform: Support the exploration and construction of privacy computing technology platforms such as federated learning, zero-knowledge proof, and trusted execution environments, ensuring data is 'available but invisible', enabling data flow and sharing while ensuring privacy.
Full Lifecycle Data Management: Achieve secure management of data throughout its lifecycle through trusted collection, encrypted transmission, reliable storage, and controlled exchange and sharing.
Potential Impact:
The widespread application of blockchain and privacy computing technologies will significantly enhance the credibility and security of the data element market, especially when it involves highly sensitive data (such as financial and medical data).
Privacy computing technology can support cross-institutional and cross-industry data joint analysis without exposing the data itself, providing strong support for AI model training and data-driven decision-making.
Development Outlook and Market Opportunities
1. Accelerating the Marketization Reform of Data Elements
A unified data asset certificate and transaction system will promote the rights confirmation and circulation of data assets, facilitating the marketization reform of data elements. For enterprises with a large amount of data, especially internet platforms, financial institutions, and healthcare institutions, this presents a highly potential business opportunity.
2. Blockchain and Privacy Computing Welcome New Opportunities
With clear policy support, the fields of blockchain and privacy computing may usher in an investment boom. In the future, these technologies may first land in government affairs, finance, healthcare, and supply chain sectors, becoming an important pillar of the digital economy.
3. Accelerating the Improvement of the Digital Identity Ecosystem
The distributed digital identity system will enhance the convenience and security of online services, promoting the widespread application of digital identities. For example, users can authenticate and authorize using a unified digital identity in scenarios such as finance, government affairs, and healthcare, greatly improving user experience and service efficiency.
Challenges and Response Suggestions
Standardization and Coordination Challenges
A nationwide digital identity and data certificate system requires the formulation of unified technical standards and management norms to ensure cross-regional and cross-industry coordination. This poses high requirements for standard-setting organizations and technology providers.
Suggestions: Accelerate the introduction of national-level technical standards, encourage local piloting and industry demonstrations, and gradually promote the national integration process.Technical Implementation and Application Challenges
In practical applications, technologies such as blockchain and privacy computing still faceperformance bottlenecks, insufficient technological maturity, high application costsand other issues.
Suggestions: Encourage technology companies and research institutions to work together to explore more efficient and user-friendly technical solutions. At the same time, promote the landing of pilot projects and accumulate experience.
Summary: The New Era of Digital Economy Driven by Policy
This (National Data Infrastructure Construction Guidelines) marks a new stage in the construction of China's digital economy. By establishing a distributed digital identity system, a unified data asset certificate structure, and promoting the construction of new technological infrastructures, the country paves the way for the high-quality development of the digital economy. In the future, as policies gradually land, the marketization process of data elements will accelerate, and the digital economy will welcome broader development prospects. For industry participants, this is a strategic opportunity to seize the future track.
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