Here, the saying that history repeats itself is not a mechanical repetition, but a repetition in a probabilistic sense. It is a set of trading rules (trading system) defined by the operator themselves, where buying and selling are conducted on the price chart according to their own rules. Of course, some price patterns meet the requirements and develop according to the rules, while others meet the requirements but do not follow the rules. Overall, it represents a manifestation in probabilistic terms. Additionally, price patterns are expressed through a series of combinations of highs and lows, and these patterns contain the psychology of all participants regarding a particular market's bullish or bearish sentiment.

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History will repeat itself, which is derived from the statistical analysis of numerous historical price charts. To be more specific, the key to unlocking the future lies hidden in the past, or in other words, the future is a replica of the past. The greatest characteristic of price charts is that they repeat but do not duplicate.

In fact, many price charts have long been well-known and categorized over the past few hundred years. Since they have been effective in the past, it is reasonable to believe they will be equally effective in the future because they are based on human psychology, which has always been "the mountains may change, but one's nature is hard to change."

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Investors often seek investment "truths" in similar historical changes, only to end up with scars, which illustrates that the market is ever-changing. The two types of K-lines can construct the ups and downs of Wall Street over the years, simply because K-lines are similar yet not identical, history repeats yet does not duplicate.