Ethereum is a groundbreaking blockchain platform whose influence has transcended cryptocurrency, becoming a core pillar of decentralized computing and driving innovation in fields such as finance, gaming, and supply chain management. Ethereum's smart contracts are its core highlight, supporting thousands of decentralized applications (dApps). However, Ethereum faces the challenge of balancing scalability, security, and decentralization. By transitioning to Proof of Stake (PoS) through the 'Merge', Ethereum has reduced energy consumption and laid the groundwork for future scalability. Layer-2 solutions like Optimistic Rollups and zk-Rollups enhance Ethereum's scalability. Ethereum's ecosystem is continually evolving, with innovations such as sharding technology, Verkle trees, and zkEVM further improving its performance and user experience. Despite facing competition and regulatory challenges, Ethereum is striving to solidify its position as a leader in the blockchain industry.