The Move programming language prevents reentrancy and includes the owner in object metadata, both critical means of building in security. Sam Blackshear, Co-Founder and CTO at Mysten Labs, talks about how Move was intended as a smart contract language that would handle financial transactions, and needed to help developers write the most secure code possible. 

Continuing development on Move improves its efficiency and the developer experience. Migrate to Move 2024 today!

The Move programming language offers an intuitive coding experience, letting developers quickly come up to speed. Sam Blackshear, Co-Founder and CTO at Mysten Labs, created Move as a language for writing smart contracts that feels more like traditional programming languages, such as JavaScript or Rust. 

Continuing development on Move improves its efficiency and the developer experience. Migrate to Move 2024 today!

At the heart of any blockchain ecosystem lies the indispensable role of wallets, and more specifically mobile wallet apps. Unlike their browser-based counterparts, mobile wallets offer unparalleled accessibility, especially for users who don't have a PC. In Sui, an ecosystem with powerful user-centric and secure primitives such as zkLogin, this significance is magnified. 

Three standout Sui mobile wallets have emerged as key leaders, ordered from the longest running to latest addition: Surf Wallet, Nightly, and Sui Wallet. These platforms not only redefine the boundaries of functionality and ease of use but also serve as catalysts for the ecosystem's growth and evolution.

Surf Wallet

As the first mobile wallet to implement zkLogin, Surf Wallet stands as a trailblazer in the landscape of mobile wallets on Sui. Its distinction lies not only in its ambition to lead in adopting powerful new Sui technology but also in its status as one of the first mobile wallets on Sui. 

Surf Wallet boasts a sleek and intuitive interface, ensuring seamless navigation for users. The embedded browser for apps adds an extra layer of convenience, allowing for easy access to DeFi and other services within the Sui ecosystem. 

Surf wallet offers a user friendly interface allowing users to explore various apps on Sui.

 Check out Surf Wallet for Android and iOS.

Nightly

As the landscape of blockchain technologies continues to expand, Nightly stands out by offering multichain asset management capabilities. Nightly allows users to access assets and apps on multiple chains while seamlessly switching between networks, offering users flexibility in managing their digital assets across multiple ecosystems.

Nightly extends its functionality beyond simply managing tokens but also allowing for mobile NFT transfers. Whether you're a collector of NFTs and other Sui assets or a user looking to operate across multiple chains, Nightly offers a convenient platform tailored to every role and requirement in between.

Nightly allows for users to manage multiple assets in an easy to use way.

Check out Nightly for Android and iOS.

Sui Wallet

As the newest addition to the Sui mobile wallet landscape, Sui Wallet has quickly garnered attention for its innovative features and user-centric design. Sui Wallet introduces zkLogin functionality that transcends platform boundaries, offering users a seamless authentication experience across various devices and services. For example, using zkLogin on both the mobile and browser extension of Sui Wallet allows users to access the same wallet without any workarounds. 

With its emphasis on simplicity and elegance, Sui Wallet offers a clean interface that prioritizes user experience. The embedded browser for apps further enhances its utility, providing users with effortless access to a diverse array of services within the Sui ecosystem.

Sui Wallet ensures that all actions a user needs to perform is straightforward and easy.

Check out Sui Wallet for Android and iOS.

Navigating DeFi with Sui mobile wallets

Mobile wallets have emerged as indispensable tools for increasing adoption of blockchain networks and apps for any ecosystem. They epitomize the blockchain philosophy of fairness and inclusion by enabling a global audience, which is more likely to have phones than PC access, to make use of blockchain transactions. 

Within Sui, Surf Wallet, Nightly, and Sui Wallet stand as great examples of innovative wallet solutions, offering users a gateway to seamless transactions and enhanced security.

Whether you're a seasoned crypto enthusiast or just beginning the journey, these mobile wallets provide functionality, convenience, and security that all users appreciate and need. As the landscape continues to evolve, the importance of a powerful mobile wallet experience will become increasingly important as they are crucial tools empowering users to embrace the future of finance with confidence and ease.

Note: This content is for general educational and informational purposes only and should not be construed or relied upon as an endorsement or recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any asset, investment or financial product and does not constitute financial, legal, or tax advice.

The Move programming language on Sui incorporates three fundamental innovations: the object-centric data model, programmable transaction blocks, and dynamic fields. Sam Blackshear, Co-Founder and CTO at Mysten Labs, created Move just five years ago as a language specifically built for writing smart contracts on a blockchain. These three innovations on Sui increase Move's potential.

Continuing development on Move improves its efficiency and the developer experience. Migrate to Move 2024 today!

The Move programming language stands as a key component of the Sui ecosystem, powering its unique object data model and supporting efficient code through such mechanisms as programmable transaction blocks. Sam Blackshear, Co-Founder and CTO at Mysten Labs, created Move just five years ago. He designed Move specifically for writing smart contracts with a focus on safety.

Continuing development on Move improves its efficiency and the developer experience. Migrate to Move 2024 today!

Multi-signature (multi-sig) wallets and accounts let multiple people access their assets based on specific parameters. A multi-sig wallet might contain a decentralized autonomous organization's (DAO) or other group's communal treasury, for example. The wallet might require 25 percent of the members to sign a transaction before any assets can be moved. 

As opposed to simple one-owner wallets, multi-sig wallets open up a world of possible uses, letting you create game components and commerce apps, as two examples, that can only be unlocked by multiple users. Requiring a quorum of users, or setting other unlock conditions, keeps digital assets secure from a single rogue user raiding an account.

A multi-sig smart contract, written in Move, serves as the primary building block for this type of app on Sui. The multi-sig smart contract presented in this article verifies multi-sig addresses, and supports different combinations of keys, such as 2-of-3 or M-of-N, where M and N are user-defined parameters.

Creating and using the multi-sig checker contract in Move

A multi-sig address is a special type of address that requires multiple signatures to authorize a transaction. A multi-sig checker smart contract derives a multi-sig address from a set of public keys, weights, and a threshold, and compares it with an expected address. 

Multi-sig addresses require multiple signatures to authorize a transaction. They are often used to enhance the security of funds by distributing control among multiple parties. For example, a 2-of-3 multi-sig address requires at least two out of three signers to approve a transaction. Multi-sig addresses can also be used for governance, escrow, or backup purposes.

The multi-sig smart contract performs three functions. It derives multi-sig addresses, verifies them, and can check a sender's multi-sig address.

Derive multi-sig addresses

The multisig module defines the

derive_multisig_address_quiet

which takes three parameters: pks, weights, and threshold. 

The

pks

parameter is a vector of vectors of bytes, representing the public keys of the signers.

The

weights

parameter is a vector of bytes, representing the weights of each signer.

The

threshold

parameter is a 16-bit unsigned integer, representing the minimum sum of weights required to execute a transaction from the multi-signature address.

The function returns an address, which is the derived multi-signature address.

public fun derive_multisig_address_quiet(         pks: vector<vector<u8>>,         weights: vector<u8>,         threshold: u16,     ): address {

 The function performs the following steps:

It defines a variable,

multiSigFlag

, of type 8-bit unsigned integer and assigns it the value 0x03, which is the flag for multi-signature addresses.

let multiSigFlag = 0x03;

It creates an empty vector of bytes called

hash_data

, which will store the data to be hashed.

let hash_data = vector<u8>[];

It gets the lengths of the

pks

and weights vectors and checks that they are equal. If not, it aborts the execution with an error code: ELengthsOfPksAndWeightsAreNotEqual.

let pks_len = pgs.length(); let weights_len = weights.length(); assert!(pks_len == weights_len, ELengthsOfPksAndWeightsAreNotEqual);

It initializes a variable,

sum

, of type 16-bit unsigned integer and assigns it the value 0. It then loops through the weights vector and adds the values of each element to the sum. It then checks that the threshold is positive and not greater than the sum. If not, it aborts the execution with an error code: EThresholdIsPositiveAndNotGreaterThanTheSumOfWeights.

       let mut sum = 0;         let mut i = 0;         while (i < weights_len) {             let w = weights[i] as u16;             sum = sum + w;             i = i + 1;         };         assert!(threshold > 0 && threshold <= sum, EThresholdIsPositiveAndNotGreaterThanTheSumOfWeights);

 It pushes the

multiSigFlag

to the hash_data vector. It then serializes the threshold using the bcs::to_bytes function and appends the result to the hash_data vector.

       hash_data.push_back(multiSigFlag);        let threshold_bytes: vector<u8> = bcs::to_bytes(&threshold);        hash_data.append(threshold_bytes);

It loops through the

pks

and weights vectors and appends the elements of each pair to the hash_data vector.

        let mut i = 0;         while (i < pks_len) { hash_data.append(pks[i]); hash_data.push_back(weights[i]);           i = i + 1;         };

It hashes the

hash_data

vector using the blake2b256 function and converts the result to an address using the address::from_bytes function. It then assigns the address to a variable, ms_address, and returns it.

        let ms_address = address::from_bytes(blake2b256(&hash_data));         ms_address     }

It derives a multi-sig address and returns the multi-sig address.

Verifying multi-sig addresses

The

multisig

module also defines the check_multisig_address_eq, which checks if the created multi-sig address matches the expected address. As we mentioned above, a multi-sig address is a special type of address that requires multiple signatures to authorize a transaction. A multi-sig address is defined by a set of public keys, weights, and a threshold.

The function

check_multisig_address_eq

takes four parameters: pks, weights, threshold, and expected_address. The first three parameters are the same as the ones we used in the previous function, derive_multisig_address_quiet. The last parameter, expected_address, is an address value that we want to compare with the multi-sig address.

   public entry fun check_multisig_address_eq(         pks: vector<vector<u8>>,         weights: vector<u8>,         threshold: u16,         expected_address: address,     ): bool {

The function first calls the function,

derive_multisig_address_quiet

, which creates a multi-sig address from the given public keys, weights, and threshold. This function uses a hash-based algorithm to combine the public keys and the threshold into a 16-byte value, which is then converted into an address.

let ms_address = derive_multisig_address_quiet(pks, weights, threshold);

 The function then compares the multi-sig address with the expected address and returns true if the addresses are equal, and false otherwise.

return (ms_address == expected_address)

The function

check_multisig_address_eq

can be used to verify that a multi-sig address is correct and matches the expected value. This can be useful for testing, debugging, or auditing purposes. For example, one could use this function to check that a multi-sig address is consistent with the public keys and the threshold that were agreed upon by the signers.

Checking the sender’s multi-sig address

Finally, the

multisig

module also defines the check_if_sender_is_multisig_address, which checks if the sender is the same multi-sig address that is derived from the provided pks, weights, and threshold.

The

check_if_sender_is_multisig_address

takes four parameters: pks, weights, threshold, and ctx. The first three parameters define the multi-sig address scheme, while the last parameter provides the transaction context.

The

pks

parameter is a vector of vectors of bytes, representing the public keys of the signers.

The

weights

parameter is a vector of bytes, representing the weights of each signer.

The

threshold

parameter is a 16-bit unsigned integer, representing the minimum sum of weights required to execute a transaction from the multi-sig address.

Finally, the

ctx

is a mutable reference to the TxContext, which contains information about the current transaction, such as the sender.

   public fun check_if_sender_is_multisig_address(         pks: vector<vector<u8>>,         weights: vector<u8>,         threshold: u16,         ctx: &mut TxContext     ): bool {

The

check_if_sender_is_multisig_address

function calls the check_multisig_address_eq function, which compares the multi-sig address with the sender address.

      check_multisig_address_eq(pks, weights, threshold, ctx.sender())             }

The function

check_multisig_address_eq

returns true if the sender address matches the multi-sig address scheme, and false otherwise.

Get started with multi-sig

Multi-sig addresses are useful for scenarios where there is a need for enhanced security, accountability, or collaboration among multiple parties. Given the valuable digital assets stored on Sui, a multi-sig address can help keep those assets secure.

The smart contract described in this article can help you get started building applications designed for collaboration and joint custody of assets. As a further resource, you can look at the source code and documentation for this project on GitHub.

Continuing work on zkLogin, Sui's social login primitive, resulted in two significant improvements, multi-signature recovery and support for Apple accounts. These changes allow greater choice for users and a powerful new way to recover accounts if the zkLogin credential issuer or app is no longer active.

Thanks to Sui’s cryptographic agility, zkLogin lets builders integrate social logins with their apps. Instead of requiring users to connect a wallet or manually create a new account, apps using zkLogin offer users the ability to create a Sui address with an existing account from companies such as Google and Facebook. The zero knowledge proof technology behind zkLogin eliminates the need for the user to handle any cryptographic sensitive material, such as the private key.

When zkLogin launched last year, it supported Google, Twitch, and Facebook accounts. The addition of Apple support helps users who prefer to stick with Apple for all their social logins. This new authentication method particularly benefits iOS users, as it allows iPhone apps to easily support Sui wallet creation. 

Multi-signature, or multi-sig, opens up a new means of account recovery geared towards both security and ease of use. As zkLogin assumes the liveliness of the application client ID and its issuer, such as Google, multi-sig provides significant improvements to the recoverability of a zkLogin account.

By creating a multi-sig wallet with zkLogin and another private key as backup, a user can still access their wallet if the original app or credential issuer goes away. If a builder, for example, takes down their app which included accounts created through zkLogin, users could enter their private key and recover any assets they had in that account, moving them to another wallet.

The integration of multi-sig with zkLogin also opens the door to more complex use cases, where builders can include up to 10 zkLogin accounts among different credential providers, with customizable weights and thresholds. 

For example, a multi-sig address with a threshold of two could include multiple public keys with different weights. The original owner's Google account could be given a weight of two in this multi-sig scheme and additional signatures, a separate Apple account and a Facebook account, could each be assigned a weight of one. The threshold of two means the Google account, because it has been assigned a weight of two, can always open the multi-sig account by itself. The Apple and Facebook accounts, however, would both be needed to open the multi-sig account, as each by itself does not meet the threshold requirement. 

These updates to zkLogin support overall work on making Sui the most widely accessible blockchain. Creating mass user adoption brings the benefits of digital asset ownership to the world at large.

Start building on Sui and onboard the next generation of blockchain users.

In early May last year, Sui's Mainnet made its public debut, actualizing the promise and proof points made by this next generation technology on Devnet and Testnet. As we reach Sui Mainnet's first anniversary, we look back on a year of growth and new, innovative features.

With its scalable architecture and performant consensus engine, Sui is built to handle massive traffic. And although we've seen peaks hitting over 5,000 transactions-per-second in its first year, the network has not yet reached its limit. By December of 2023 Sui hosted over nine million active accounts, and is well over 10 million now.

DeFi growth was absolutely extraordinary, with Total Value Locked rising from $100 million in early November last year to over $500 million in February.

Beyond metrics, Sui continues to see impressive development, with new features making it accessible and even more performant. zkLogin is an incredibly powerful tool builders leverage to onboard more users, while Pilotfish and Mysticeti promise to maintain Sui's performance edge.

Notable developments

May 3, 2023

Sui Mainnet launches, opening up the network to unfettered public use. Supported by over 100 Validators and over 400 nodes, builders can launch their apps and bring Sui's innovative features to the public.

DeepBook, Sui's first native liquidity layer, launches. This central limit order book gives DeFi protocols and other app builders a mechanism to support both market and limit token swaps.

July 12, 2023

July 15, 2023

Sui celebrates hosting one million active accounts, an early indicator of network utilization.

Sui executes over 65 million transactions in one day, the most recorded on a blockchain ever and proof of its scalability. Other metrics for Sui Mainnet's first three months include hitting 5,414 transactions per second without causing a gas fee spike.

July 26, 2023

August 15, 2023

Momentum continues to grow as Sui reaches three million active accounts.

zkLogin, an innovative new primitive, launches on Sui, letting builders incorporate authorization through existing credentials from providers such as Google, Facebook, and Twitch. zkLogin greatly eases the onboarding path for new Web3 users.

September 13, 2023

October 19, 2023

DeFi shows substantial growth, with combined activity from protocols showing Total Value Locked rising 341 percent and volume rising 229 percent over three months.

Using the technology behind zkLogin, zkSend launches in beta, giving users a seamless means of sending tokens to anyone, even those not yet using Sui.

November 2, 2023

November 3, 2023

As a new user milestone, Sui records seven million active accounts.

Combined Total Value Locked for DeFi protocols on Sui crosses the $100 million mark, showing continued DeFi growth.

November 8, 2023

November 27, 2023

Nine million accounts became active on Sui, as new users onboarded through the many engaging projects on the network.

Move, Sui's native programming language, sees continual development from the community, with the Move 2024 edition introducing crucial new features.

January 17, 2024

February 4, 2024

Sui crosses the $500 million mark in Total Value Locked, signaling immense and rapid growth fueled by the network's innovative DeFi protocols.

Over a 30-day period, DeFi users bridge more value from Ethereum to Sui than to all other blockchains combined.

February 15, 2024

March 20, 2024

New research results in Pilotfish, an innovation in consensus that improves the scalability of transaction execution.

Capping off a year filled with events around the world, Sui hosts Basecamp, a summit which hosted over 1,000 attendees, 44 sessions, and over a 100 speakers.

April 10-11, 2024

April 10, 2024

Despite being the fastest blockchain, Sui keeps its foot on the pedal with Mysticeti, a redesign of the consensus engine allowing for even greater transaction speeds and reduced latency.

Sui original contributor Mysten Labs releases Enoki, a service platform combining technologies to make onboarding users easier than ever.

April 10, 2024

April 11, 2024

First Digital Labs chooses Sui as its first non-Ethereum venue for the FDUSD stablecoin, giving DeFi users a non-volatile value store.

Sui launches the Overflow Hackathon, its biggest competitive coding event ever, giving participants six weeks to build and a $1 million prize pool.

April 21, 2024

Over the last year, the Sui community delivered again and again, creating the projects and features contributing to the network's overall success. As we enter the next year of Sui, we look forward to exciting new projects and furthering the most innovative technology in the world.

Build on Sui and be part of the action.

The concept of Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks (DePIN) offers the potential to redefine the fundamental processes of our everyday lives. Technology often evolves towards more efficient and secure solutions, and the development of physical infrastructure is no different.

Decentralization has been a prevailing theme across various industries, challenging established norms and reshaping traditional structures. In finance, the rise of DeFi has revolutionized how we engage with financial systems. Utilizing blockchain technology, DeFi breaks down barriers to entry and allows for more one-on-one interactions, reducing the role of the middleman, and granting individuals greater autonomy.

While industries built on software evolve more easily, physical infrastructure changes more slowly, yet decentralization offers compelling advantages. Historically marked by centralized authority and rigid hierarchies, this sector is ready for transformation. DePIN's goal involves leveraging blockchain technology to democratize ownership and distribute control of the physical infrastructure networks that we collectively use on a day-to-day basis.

The DePIN vision

To fully grasp the significance of DePIN, it's essential to contrast it with conventional physical infrastructure networks. In traditional models, centralized authorities typically control infrastructure, resulting in inefficiencies in processes and disparities in incentives. Centralized control often leads to bureaucratic bottlenecks, where decision-making is concentrated in the hands of a select few, slowing responsiveness to evolving needs. This centralized structure can perpetuate inequalities, as resources and benefits are distributed unevenly, leaving certain communities underserved.

In contrast, DePIN represents a shift towards decentralization, placing power and agency in the hands of a diverse network of participants. By embracing decentralization, DePIN empowers individuals, communities, and businesses to collectively own and govern the infrastructure they depend on. This distributed model fosters a sense of ownership and accountability among stakeholders, leading to greater efficiency and resilience. Additionally, decentralization promotes innovation and adaptability, as it disperses decision-making, allowing for more agile responses to changing circumstances and emerging challenges.

The sharing economy reimagined

In recent years, the sharing economy emerged as a powerful force, embodied by platforms like Uber and Airbnb. However, these platforms faced criticism for their centralized control and negative impacts, contradicting claimed benefits. DePIN seeks to address these shortcomings by embracing the principles of the sharing economy in a more inclusive and decentralized manner.

Consider DRIFE, a DePIN rideshare app. DRIFE operates as a decentralized protocol, with a zero-commission fee structure allowing drivers to earn more income while passing savings on to riders. Drivers receive tokens as a reward for their services and play an active role in protocol governance, creating a more equitable and participatory model. DRIFE will utilize key Sui primitives, such as zkLogin, enabling frictionless user interaction through simple Sui address creation and management.

DRIFE aims to disrupt the ridesharing market leveraging Sui technology.

DePIN enables a myriad of innovative use cases, ranging from decentralized storage and mapping services to GPU rendering platforms and wireless IoT networks. These projects harness the power of decentralized infrastructure to create more efficient, cost-effective, and inclusive solutions for the world.

Leveraging Sui technology for DePIN

For DePIN to thrive, it is crucial that the underlying blockchain network provides essential features and capabilities allowing teams to build innovative products without barriers.

Firstly, scalability and high throughput are paramount. DePIN projects often involve mass amounts of transactions and interactions between participants, requiring a blockchain network capable of processing a high volume of transactions quickly and efficiently. Without scalability, the network may become congested, leading to delays and increased transaction costs, hindering the seamless operation of DePIN protocols. Sui offers best-in-class throughput and scalability with groundbreaking protocols, such as Mysticeti and Pilotfish.

Additionally, powerful developer tools are essential for building and deploying DePIN apps. Sui primitives such as zkLogin, sponsored transactions, programmable transaction blocks, and Sui Kiosk give developers powerful tools to build upon and create unique experiences and incentive structures. With these tools, app builders can streamline the development process, reducing complexity in integrating within existing infrastructure systems.  

DePIN projects on Sui

DRIFE, Karrier One, and Chirp are three of the most prominent examples of DePIN projects building on Sui, tackling transportation, telecommunications, and IoT connectivity. 

Karrier One is revolutionizing the telecom landscape with a decentralized, carrier-grade network, establishing infrastructure and partnerships to ensure global 5G coverage. Karrier One streamlines deployment processes and guarantees data integrity through its user-run radio network. Leveraging zkLogin, Karrier One offers US and Canadian phone numbers as NFTs, safeguarding against SIM swap fraud and enhancing accessibility for remote populations. Addressing connectivity disparities worldwide, Karrier One endeavors to provide reliable and affordable solutions, irrespective of geographic location, challenging conventional telecom standards.

Chirp is a global telecommunications network on Sui simplifying IoT deployment for businesses and residential uses. With the goal of simplifying the deployment and management of IoT technology, Chirp serves as a single partner for commercial customers, offering unified connectivity and a streamlined management platform. Chirp empowers residential users by automating daily tasks and enhancing security measures. Homeowners can leverage Chirp's technology to monitor and automate their homes, as well as track things like pets or vehicles using tracking devices connected to the Chirp network.

Decentralize everything

By embracing decentralization, collaboration, and inclusivity, DePIN holds the key to unlocking a future where infrastructure is not just a means to an end but is harnessed for positive change. Utilizing the powerful network capabilities of Sui and key primitives, innovative DePIN projects can grow and reach the masses building on Sui.

Note: This content is for general educational and informational purposes only and should not be construed or relied upon as an endorsement or recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any asset, investment or financial product and does not constitute financial, legal, or tax advice.

Sentio recently launched two important products on Sui, Dash and Debugger, offering crucial tools to enhance the developer and user experience within the Sui ecosystem. These products are an important step in Sentio's journey as an infrastructure provider, cementing its status alongside its indexing, data analytics, and monitoring capabilities tailored specifically for the Sui ecosystem.

Prior to this launch, Sentio made waves with its open-source project, TypeMove, designed to generate type bindings for Move smart contracts, enabling developers to deploy apps safer and faster. Now, with the support of the Sui Foundation and Mysten Labs, Sentio introduces Dash and Debugger, two innovative solutions aimed at empowering users and developers alike.

Dash: Democratizing data exploration

Dash, a serverless and permissionless data platform, lets users explore Sui data. With a flexible data schema, insightful dashboards, and lightning-fast query capabilities, Dash revolutionizes the way app builders interact with and utilize data.

Exploring dashboards

The Dash website greets users with a plethora of public dashboards curated by fellow users. Using intuitive search, filtering, and bookmarking features, navigating Sui data through Dash is a seamless experience. Each dashboard provides real-time updates and detailed insights, allowing users to delve deeper into the data effortlessly.

Public dashboards are on display at the Dash webpage, giving users instant access to useful data on Sui. Creating custom dashboards

For those eager to discover new insights, Dash provides a user-friendly interface complete with click-and-drag functionality to create personalized dashboards, without coding. This democratization of data empowers teams to harness the power of analytics for product enhancement, marketing optimization, and more, with less effort.

Sentio gives users the ability to create custom dashboards. Advanced query capabilities

Dash caters to the needs of teams requiring complex custom queries through its SQL widgets, leveraging the prowess of ClickHouse SQL, known for its performance in executing complex analytical queries on massive datasets. Ad hoc queries can be performed on the spot from the navigation bar and added to your own dashboard at any time. Whether it's time-series data or ad hoc queries, Dash delivers blazing-fast results, enabling users to uncover insights with unparalleled efficiency.

Users can write their own queries from the beginning or tweak existing queries to gain new insights. Exporting as API and custom data sources

Dash allows users to export charts as APIs, providing a serverless solution for data consumption without the hassle of backend maintenance. Additionally, Dash encourages community collaboration by inviting users to contribute to the platform with public datasets, fostering knowledge sharing and innovation. For those interested in contributing, reach out to the Sentio team to see how your contributions can be shared broadly.

Debugger: Empowering smart contract development

Sentio Debugger emerges as an advanced debugger within the Move ecosystem, empowering developers to inspect and iterate smart contracts with unparalleled clarity and efficiency. From beginners seeking to delve into contract execution details to seasoned engineers troubleshooting issues, Sentio’s Debugger offers a productivity boost like no other.

By simply entering the transaction digest into the Sentio Debugger tool, users gain access to comprehensive transaction information and traces, enabling them to debug with ease and precision.

Sentio’s Debugger tool helps explain Sui transaction digests in an easy to understand and incredibly useful manner. New tools for data and development on Sui

Sentio's latest product launch on Sui signifies an important leap forward in data exploration and development tooling within the Sui ecosystem. With Dash and Debugger at the ready, users and developers are equipped with a robust stack of tools to explore, build, and innovate on Sui like never before.

As users and developers find powerful ways to leverage Sentio’s Dash and Debugger tools, the possibilities for growth and advancement within the Sui ecosystem become limitless.

Note: This content is for general educational and informational purposes only and should not be construed or relied upon as an endorsement or recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any asset, investment or financial product and does not constitute financial, legal, or tax advice.

Discover the power of DeepBook! Offering open access to deep liquidity for all apps building on Sui. Advanced trading capabilities can be incorporated into any app. Explore DeepBook’s architecture and create a new chapter in the story of DeFi with Sui.

DeepBook, an ecosystem-wide liquidity layer, plays a critical role in supporting Sui’s DeFi ecosystem by providing stable and efficient infrastructure for trading activities available to all builders. It serves as the foundation upon which DeFi apps can operate, providing greater access to assets and enabling efficient trading. With such a tool, DeFi builders can focus on developing unique features and incentives instead of troubleshooting problems with simple trading logic and bootstrapping independent liquidity pools. 

As a sophisticated Central Limit Order Book (CLOB) system, DeepBook enhances the efficiency and liquidity of Sui's overall DeFi ecosystem, enabling traders to execute orders quickly and at fair prices while leveraging advanced trading capabilities. This functionality not only attracts more participants but also reduces slippage and enhances overall market stability. Paired with Sui’s high-performance consensus engine, DeepBook offers a trading experience rivaling those of centralized trading entities. 

Understanding CLOBs and AMMs

Central Limit Order Books (CLOBs) and Automated Market Makers (AMMs) represent two distinct approaches to decentralized trading. CLOBs, like DeepBook, facilitate order matching by maintaining an order book of buy and sell orders. In contrast, AMMs utilize algorithms to determine asset prices and execute trades. While both CLOBs and AMMs offer unique advantages and cater to different trading preferences, CLOBs are particularly well-suited for traders seeking price discovery and order book transparency, making them an important tool for DeFi ecosystems.

Creating a CLOB presents significant challenges due to the complexity of order matching algorithms and the need for efficient market liquidity. Developing and maintaining a CLOB requires sophisticated technical expertise and substantial resources, which can be prohibitive for many DeFi builders. However, offering an open-access CLOB accessible to all builders can have a transformative impact on the ecosystem. 

DeepBook democratizes access to advanced trading functionalities, such as limit orders, allowing developers to create unique trading platforms tailored to specific market needs. For example, by integrating a native CLOB into their protocol, builders can experiment with hybrid models that combine unique elements of AMMs with the powerful features of a CLOB. This opens up possibilities for innovative trading experiences that cater to diverse user preferences and trading strategies.

Deciphering DeepBook's architecture

At the core of DeepBook lies its unique structure, where each trading pair has its own shared object representing the pool. DeepBook's approach utilizes Sui's consensus engine optimally by dedicating separate pools to each pair. This design minimizes conflicts between pairs and allows for parallelized transactions, enhancing efficiency. By leveraging Sui's consensus engine in this manner, DeepBook achieves remarkable throughput while ensuring seamless trading across various pairs.

DeepBook serves as a valuable resource for app developers seeking access to deep liquidity. Leveraging the DeepBook API, apps can provide sophisticated trading functionalities, enabling users to execute trades using its smart routing feature to ensure competitive swap prices.

Users place traders through app interfaces which are integrated with DeepBook. Trades involving separate pools are processed concurrently, even if initiated by the same user via the same app.

Sui’s next-generation consensus mechanism, Mysticeti, will enable transaction speed rivaling those of centralized execution environments. With Mysticeti’s lightning-fast transaction processing capabilities and DeepBook’s advanced trading infrastructure, users can expect seamless and efficient trading experiences equivalent to those of traditional financial infrastructure. As Mysticeti and DeepBook continue to evolve in tandem, they empower Sui DeFi builders to build products not feasible on other blockchain platforms.   

Order book structure

DeepBook employs a streamlined method for storing and processing orders. Each pool stores the unfilled maker orders and matches taker orders which are paired immediately upon submission. Order matching within DeepBook occurs autonomously, eliminating the need for centralized oversight.

DeepBook gives apps the ability to offer their users  the flexibility to place market orders and various types of limit orders. Market orders, which are considered taker orders, are matched instantly against existing maker orders upon submission, all within the same transaction. Limit orders, on the other hand, are initially matched as taker orders against existing maker orders. If the limit order cannot be completely filled, the remaining quantity can either be added to the order book as a maker order or discarded, depending on the limit order's configuration.

DeepBook utilizes a smart routing functionality, enabling traders to find the most efficient paths for token swap routes. Leveraging Depth-First-Search (DFS) algorithms, traders can simulate swaps across different pools to optimize their trades. This strategic approach ensures that swaps are cost-effective and enhances overall trading efficiency on the platform.

DEEP token 

DeepBook’s upcoming token, DEEP, will further improve the economic dynamics of DeepBook. Those serious about trading on Sui will be able to stake DEEP in order to receive discounted trading fees, additional maker incentives, and the ability to participate in DeepBook pool governance. 

Those that stake DEEP to a specific pool and actively swap within that pool over an epoch will pay less taker fees than those that are occasionally participating in swapping. Within an epoch, a user who has the threshold of staked DEEP will experience a decline in taker fees with respect to their volume taken in that pool over the epoch. Additionally, those who also meet the staked DEEP requirements and are providing liquidity to the pool they have staked to will receive maker incentives. Governance of pools allow for the adjustment of parameters around fees and staking requirements. There are no minimum stake requirements to participate in governance and governance rights increase with stake weights.

While the DEEP token is not currently available, unique soulbound NFTs have been distributed ahead of the upcoming token launch.

Detering wash trading

To deter manipulative practices, DeepBook adopts a carefully balanced approach to incentivizing liquidity provision. While incentives are offered to active liquidity providers, there's a risk of traders creating artificial volume to earn more rewards. To counter this exploit, DeepBook intentionally sets maker incentives lower than the fees collected on trades once a pool reaches a minimal liquidity threshold. This ensures that incentives are proportionate to genuine trading activity, discouraging manipulative behavior.

As an additional safeguard, DeepBook implements a burning mechanism for tokens involved in wash trading. If someone tries to inflate trading volumes within an epoch by repeatedly looping tokens through the pool without any net change, these tokens are labeled as residual tokens. To uphold platform integrity, these residual tokens are removed from circulation through burning. This ensures that rewards are earned through genuine trading activity and not deceptive practices like wash trading, maintaining the platform's integrity.

To learn more about the economic incentives and dynamics around DeepBook and the DEEP token, explore the DeepBook token whitepaper.

Turning the page with DeepBook

DeepBook democratizes access to advanced trading functionalities, empowering developers to create unique trading platforms and providing users with experiences rivaling those of centralized trading platforms. Through carefully balanced incentives and innovative mechanisms to deter manipulative practices like wash trading, DeepBook maintains platform integrity and ensures rewards are earned only through genuine trading activity. 

Numerous DeFi apps on Sui are integrating DeepBook into their product suites. Among the most prominent are Aftermath, Cetus, KriyaDEX, Turbos, and Typus. If you're eager to witness DeepBook's capabilities in action, these DeFi platforms serve as excellent showcases of its utilization. Explore their docs to see how they’re integrated DeepBook into their offerings.

As DeepBook continues to evolve and with the upcoming launch of the DEEP token, it stands to further revolutionize decentralized trading and empower DeFi participants within the Sui community.

Note: This content is for general educational and informational purposes only and should not be construed or relied upon as an endorsement or recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any asset, investment or financial product and does not constitute financial, legal, or tax advice.

Sui's phenomenal speed and innovative NFT technology makes it an excellent environment for games, and nothing will prove it more like XOCIETY, a new pop shooter with RPG elements coming to the network later this year. The game, by NDUS Interactive, features fast-paced accessible play in a rich environment built on the Unreal Engine 5.

Through PVP and PVE action, XOCIETY leverages Sui with onchain gaming and owned assets. Using Sui's dynamic NFTs, players own their avatars and items, providing an in-game asset experience unheard of in traditional gaming. The XOCIETY website suggests NFTs may be transferable or otherwise usable between the game and other projects, exploiting a unique capability of Web3. 

Sui's zkLogin simplifies player onboarding in XOCIETY. Unlike other blockchains, which would require players to install a wallet and acquire tokens, XOCIETY will let new players log in with existing credentials from third party services.

XOCIETY features an immersive environment and RPG elements, allowing character progression.

NDUS Interactive, the company creating XOCIETY, includes veteran game designers and builders. The team uses the tagline "Shoot, Earn, Pioneer" for the game, suggesting not only serious action, but also the ability to explore the game environment while fighting other players and NPCs or creatures. 

The company says that it expects to offer early access to XOCIETY in November or December of 2024. Gameplay footage can be seen on XOCIETY's YouTube channel.

Sui Mainnet launched last year, and community events around the world helped builders understand the potential for this groundbreaking blockchain technology, but Sui Basecamp showed that Sui has truly arrived. 

Over 1,100 people from 65 countries attended Sui's global event, held in Paris this year, to find how Sui established itself firmly in gaming and DeFi. Over two days, the community heard from over 100 speakers in 44 sessions. Major announcements from companies such as Playtron, NHN, and First Digital complemented Sui's meteoric growth in trading volume and Total Value Locked (TVL).

Mysten Labs CEO Evan Chang delivers his keynote to kick off Sui Basecamp in Paris.

“We are not just here to build a blockchain, we’re not just here to build decentralized software," said Evan Cheng, Mysten Labs CEO and co-founder during his Sui Basecamp keynote. "Why we are all here today is to fundamentally reimagine human and software interaction."

The event featured announcements about how Sui's already blistering speed and mainstream accessibility will become even greater. Already capable of record-breaking transactions-per-second (TPS), further consensus innovation promises to outstrip anything in the industry. And Mysten Lab's Enoki gives non-blockchain companies the simplest path to take advantage of concepts such as digital ownership and verifiable asset data.

Meltem Demirors, blockchain expert and self-proclaimed Aspiring Cult Leader, gave a talk titled "The trillion dollar whale: bringing atoms and electrons onchain."

The community's excitement at Basecamp 2024 was palpable, as attendees learned about all the exciting things to come, gained inspiration about what they could build, and met face-to-face, many for the first time.

Breaking boundaries

Blockchains from Bitcoin to Solana and Ethereum solved the general problem of decentralized transactions, but Sui arrives with a truly modern network environment capable of supporting enterprise apps and frameworks. Sui's object-oriented data structure lets developers create real apps to engage and delight users, on a scalable network that handles ever increasing traffic. 

Unlike traditional enterprise networks, the Move programming language allows for secure smart contract code. These building blocks lead to a future that lets code replace intermediaries and institutions as the global coordinating mechanism of intelligent assets.  

Greg Siourounis, Managing Director of the Sui Foundation, greets Sui Basecamp attendees.

Mysticeti, a new technology developed at Mysten Labs by founding members of Sui, makes consensus on the network even more performant. Announced at Basecamp 2024, Mysticeti redesigns the already innovative Bullshark and Narwhal-based consensus engine to further remove latency, allowing transactions to finalize at speeds more than sufficient for the most demanding enterprise and financial frameworks. 

“In practice, we’ve implemented Mysticeti to mimic the Sui Maninet environment, and we’ve achieved about 390 milliseconds consensus," said Dmitri Perelman, Mysten Labs Head of Engineering. "As far as we know, this is the fastest achieved settlement finality.”

Mysten Labs went one further, announcing Enoki, a new service platform letting Web2 companies realize the benefits of the blockchain. These services, such as zkLogin's effortless onboarding and sponsored transactions, remove the friction caused by legacy blockchain requirements. Leveraging Enoki, companies will be able to integrate Sui's smart contract and digital asset technology into their customer applications, offering extensive new capabilities and services.

Empowering industries 

In less than one year as a production network, the fact that Sui already made its mark in gaming and DeFi was clear from the companies presenting and exhibiting at Sui Basecamp. Sui's DeFi growth has been nothing short of phenomenal, nearing $700 million TVL in under a year. DeFi protocols such as Navi, Scallop, Turbos, and Bluefin show breathtaking volume on a daily basis. 

Sui Basecamp attendees from 65 countries had the opportunity to meet each other face-to-face, many for the first time.

Cementing Sui as the network for stable DeFi growth, First Digital announced it would bring FDUSD, its $3.3 billion stablecoin, over to Sui in a native format. This new stablecoin gives Sui DeFi users a non-volatile trading option where they can store value. The First Digital announcement joined a pre-Basecamp announcement that DeepBook, Sui's native liquidity layer, would launch its own token, DEEP, later this year.

“As a new company, we feel that the industry is going to change, and that newer protocols like Sui will overtake established protocols,” said Vincent Chok, First Digital's founder and CEO. “We want to have a $10 billion market cap by the end of 2024, with $1 billion on Sui by the end of the year.”

The Gaming Arcade situated in the Sui Basecamp venue showed that gaming studios have a bright future on Sui. The network's transactional speed and scalability deliver the missing pieces games have needed to succeed in Web3. The Gaming Arcade offered attendees the opportunity to try out new games, such as Panzerdogs and E4C: Fallen Arena, currently available and soon to launch on Sui. New partners NHN and Baby Shark, already giants in gaming, were on hand to show why they chose Sui for their initial blockchain efforts.

Adeniyi Abiodun, CPO and co-founder of Mysten Labs talked about Sui's strengths and introduced Playtron's new SuiPlay0X1 mobile gaming device.

Making its handheld gaming device debut soon after coming out of stealth at the Game Developers Conference and Sui Gaming Summit last month, Playtron joined Adeniyi Abiodun, CPO and co-founder of Mysten Labs to announce SuiPlay0X1. This gaming deck runs the company's lightweight games-focused operating system and integrates directly with Sui. It will fuel onchain games, giving players immediate access to a wide variety of experiences. 

“Web3’s iPhone moment is not an iPhone,” said Playtron CEO Kirt McMaster of the new handheld.

The SuiPlay0X1, a new mobile gaming device from Playtron, integrates Sui, letting users play onchain games. For the community

Like a bullet train gathering momentum, builders around the world began learning about Sui last year, exploring its capabilities and imagining what they could create. They attended Builder Houses, Sui Connect events, seminars, and meet-ups, a communal understanding experience letting them push the envelope of what an object can be, how smart contracts can enact policies, and where dynamic fields can take their apps.

Fud the Pug made a rare IRL appearance at Sui Basecamp.

The palpable energy at Sui Basecamp between new startups, existing companies discovering blockchain, and individual developers showed the Sui bullet train is up to speed. 

We want to thank all who attended and made it such a stellar event, and invite all builders who want to engage with the new generation of secure network computing to join us at future events and engage with Sui. 

BytePlus, ByteDance technology solutions subsidiary takes its first foray into blockchain with Sui. BytePlus will work with Mysten Labs to adapt its recommendation solutions and augmented reality products, among other services, to Sui.

The company chose Sui as the best blockchain network to offer its services in support of gaming and social apps. 

BytePlus offers a variety of services, including a content distribution network, personalisation solutions, and user engagement tools that leverage cutting edge AR technology, and data analysis. Making these services available to Sui builders, gives them a leg up in developing apps with global impact. 

One such service, BytePlus Recommend, lets builders create heavily personalized apps, giving users a satisfying, tailored experience. Another service, BytePlus Effects, includes 80,000 ready-to-use stickers and effects for video apps. Combined with Sui's unique NFT technology, this service could power groundbreaking new social apps.

BytePlus, will be able to pioneer new ground on Sui. Leveraging digital assets with dynamic features and programmable ownership policies, the company can build entirely new experiences that will grow its user base. Sui's user-friendly features, such as zkLogin and sponsored transactions, eliminates the barriers for mass adoption of blockchain technology.

The technology prowess exhibited by BytePlus, combined with the next generation innovations of Sui, will lead to innovative new services and apps.

From finance to art, gaming to wireless, a broad range of industries have seen a flood of startups working to disrupt the status quo using blockchain technology. But the travel industry, which evokes visions of crowded airports, whirlwind tours, and luxury cruises, might seem too legacy-driven to embrace blockchain innovation. One startup thinks it’s high time that changes.

Quantum Temple's digital platform brings transparency and community empowerment to travel through blockchain technology. Sui technologies like zkLogin, NFTs, and sponsored transactions provide the infrastructure that facilitates Web3 functionality in what is traditionally a very low-tech, consumer-centric industry.

The company recently announced its new Water Civilization experience, the first ever Web3-enabled travel experience at a UNESCO World Heritage Site, in partnership with the Indonesian Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy, Desa Manukaya Let, and Mysten Labs. Through this program, Quantum Temple gives tourists the chance to learn about Bali’s water heritage, water temples, and a ritual called water purification at Pura Tirta Empul, one of the most important and most visited sacred water temples in Bali. Powered by Sui technology, it is a one-of-a-kind experience that blends traditional tourism with innovative, blockchain-powered ticketing and NFT artifacts.

Quantum Temple partnered with the Indonesian Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy to create the Water Civilization experience, giving tourists an opportunity to immerse themselves in a unique aspect of Balinese culture.

“We chose Sui because it was one of the only protocols that was really focused on consumer applications, which is very, very exciting because that is not the case in other ecosystems,” said Quantum Temple founder and CEO Linda Adami. “We’re trying to embed every single thing that can smooth the user experience so that my mom can use it without any difficulty.”

Though it might not be the first to come to mind, Adami sees travel as a path to mass adoption and onboarding of consumers into the Web3 world.

Regenerating the world through blockchain

The concept of regenerative tourism lives at Quantum Temple's core. Whereas many sustainable travel initiatives focus on offsetting the harm caused by travel, regenerative travel attempts to leave places and local communities better off than they were.

Unlike many of her peers, Adami didn’t come to blockchain technology through the cryptocurrency world. She was introduced to it while working with the Dubai government to find ways that pre-regulatory, cutting edge technologies–such as AI, 3D printing, and robotics automation–could be used for public good.

“I saw how blockchain infrastructure could be used to unlock public value and to address a lot of the inefficiencies that are trapped in legacy industries,” she said.

When Covid hit in 2020, she took a sabbatical in Bali, Indonesia, and that’s where she found the inspiration for her next big move: bringing equity and more rewarding experiences to the travel industry using blockchain technology.

Quantum Temple invites tourists to take part in the water purification ritual at Pura Tirta Empul , one of the most sacred Balinese water temples.

While in Bali, Adami learned that 70 percent of the local economy depends on tourism. When the pandemic shut down travel, the tourism industry in Bali came crashing down, and Adami saw that many people had to go back to farming just to put food on the table. 

“I spent a lot of time engaging with the local communities and understanding what was happening, what their life was like,” said Adami. “And I realized that even before the pandemic, tourism here was not fundamentally equitable.” 

Despite generating a great deal of income, revenue was not equitably distributed among the people serving the industry. In fact, the United Nations Tourism Organization estimates that for every $100 spent on a vacation in a developing country, only $5 stays in that country.

At the same time, she saw other problems with the traditional tourism model. For one, people increasingly crave authentic experiences during their travels but don’t always know where to find them. In addition, because so much of local travel is cash-based, local governments often struggle to access the data that could help them prevent overtourism.

Quantum Temple’s Water Civilization experience features a visual anthropology exhibit in a custom bamboo knowledge corridor. Local, specially trained guides introduce travelers to 14 hidden spots that are rarely visited by tourists.

So she put her blockchain expertise to work making tourism more transparent and equitable, beginning in Indonesia. She founded Quantum Temple with two missions: to use blockchain, NFT, and cryptocurrency technologies to help developing countries launch past the legacy systems traditionally used by the travel industry, and to connect travelers with unmatched experiences that marry the physical and digital worlds of art and culture.

Leveraging Sui technologies, Quantum Temple is transforming a highly consumer-focused industry in such a way that many people don’t even know they’re using the blockchain for the first time.

Modernizing the travel experience

For now, Quantum Temple predominantly focuses on experiences, meaning all the tours and activities people do once they arrive at a destination.

“Eighty percent of this particular segment of the value chain of travel is offline,” said Adami, “so there’s an opportunity to help local communities and providers leapfrog directly to the future into a blockchain infrastructure.”

The starting point for users is the Quantum Temple Passport, a decentralized loyalty program that unlocks access to a whole suite of products and services, including in-person tours and experiences in Bali, NFTs and physical art, and crowdfunded programs benefiting local communities.

Behind the scenes, signing up for the passport creates a non-custodial Sui wallet, and the passport is a dynamic, soulbound token on Sui. Easing entry, zkLogin lets people sign up using an existing account from services such as Google or Facebook. New users may not even know they now own an NFT, just that their QT Passport can only be used by them. This ability to serve Web2 users in a streamlined, intuitive way is crucial to Quantum Temple’s success in an industry where both users and providers are often not familiar with blockchain technology.

“We were able to integrate zkLogin in four days,” said Adami. “And when we did that, we doubled our user base in less than one month.”

QT Passport holders can book one-of-a-kind travel experiences in Bali, with NFT tickets being claimed on Sui. These NFT tickets are digital assets that function as collectible memories that are saved to users’ wallets. 

Angela Herliani Tanoesoedibjo, Indonesia's Vice Minister of Tourism, uses an NFT as a ticket for the Quantum Temple experience. These NFT tickets allow governments to better understand where tourists are going.

At least 70 percent of the money generated by these experiences stays in local Bali communities. When a trip is over, users see the local impact their experience had, onchain and displayed in their personal profile. Quantum Temple users can also contribute to the Impact Fund, a crowdfunding platform that supports a variety of local programs. 

Introducing NFT and phygital souvenirs

A uniquely modern element to travel created by Quantum Temple is the inventive mix of physical and digital assets that tourists can collect. Travelers can purchase physical souvenirs, such as wooden sculptures handmade by local master craftspeople and commissioned by Quantum Temple. In addition, Quantum Temple created an NFT collection, the Nagas of Bali, which they offered as a drop in partnership with Tradeport. Two lucky recipients win a trip to Bali, and all proceeds of the NFT program to towards regenerative tourism and cultural preservation in Bali.

Quantum Temple is working to expand its art offerings, collaborating with local institutions to build a catalog of high-quality products crafted by locals, using blockchain to provide authenticity and provenance for the products. 

“We’re going hardcore with phygital in a serious way, where we’ll embed NFC chips, so it’s really about connecting physical with digital and digital with physical and guaranteeing provenance through embedded systems and hardware,” said Adami.

Tearing down data silos to ease overcrowding

Another way Quantum Temple seeks to benefit local communities is by working with governments to collect data that can be used to improve the visitor experience and ease overcrowding.

“We’re trying to solve a pretty difficult data silo problem for local authorities,” said Adami. Right now, in the majority of emerging markets, 80 percent of cultural attractions are offline and completely undigitized. Even for the most popular destinations, including one Bali temple that receives an estimated 2 million visitors per year, visitation data is not reliable. And because on-site ticketing systems are typically cash-based and don’t communicate with each other, it’s impossible for local institutions to know how tourism flows from one cultural attraction to another.

“Overtourism is a big problem in many parts of the world,” said Adami, “so one of the most exciting things Quantum Temple wants to do is connect the cultural landscape by embedding blockchain infrastructure into a lot of these sites to redistribute traffic to places that are not frequently visited.”

An ambitious itinerary

For now, Quantum Temple is running programs in about 10 communities in Bali, with plans to triple that in Bali this year, as well as expand to new destinations within Indonesia and five other countries in the near future. The company is also in talks with a global travel technology infrastructure company about ways to expand Quantum Temple’s decentralized, blockchain-based loyalty program to include airlines, hotels, and other hospitality companies. 

Adami sees all of this as an opportunity to help blockchain reach regular consumers.

“I think we’re demonstrating to a lot of people that we can actually build user experiences that are for mass adoption and that anyone can use without worrying about the technicalities,” said Adami. “Ultimately, we want to change industries for the greater good, and we are showing how blockchain can unlock value and redistribute it for greater purposes in an industry.”

Sui's first native, non-wrapped stablecoin is coming in the form of FDUSD, a popular US dollar-backed stablecoin currently available on Ethereum and BNB Chain. First Digital Labs, the purveyor of FDUSD, is introducing the token to the broader blockchain industry with its debut on Sui.

First Digital Labs backs FDUSD on a one-to-one basis with the US dollar. It maintains reserves in Asian banks and US Treasury debt to support the token. As of February 29, 2024, 3,292,039,236.91 FDUSD was in circulation, according to an auditors report. 

Sui's native token, SUI, used to pay gas fees and stake validators, serves as the fundamental cryptocurrency on the network. Projects and DeFi protocols on the network create their own tokens for various purposes, including commerce within a game world and liquid staking.

Stablecoins such as FDUSD serve as a vital component of Sui's cryptocurrency ecosystem, appealing to users seeking a reliable store of value. They bridge the traditional finance world, with its generally trustworthy notions of value, and cryptocurrency, which offers technical security. 

On Sui, FDUSD will offer people a non-volatile cryptocurrency option. First Digital Labs has not set timing for availability as of yet.

Note: This content is for general educational and informational purposes only and should not be construed or relied upon as an endorsement or recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any asset, investment or financial product and does not constitute financial, legal, or tax advice.

New research around a byzantine consensus protocol called Mysticeti gives Sui the potential to drastically reduce transaction latency and lower CPU requirements for validators. Sui is today a low-latency leader due to its fast path, but the new consensus protocol extends lower latencies for all transactions.

Sui's design combines the Narwhal-Bullshark consensus algorithm with a fast path, and makes a distinction between processing involving owned objects and shared objects. It processes the former on a fast path and the latter on a consensus path in committing to the blockchain. Under this mechanism, Sui set a record in 2023 of 5,414 TPS and 65 million transactions in a single day.  

Continued research resulted in Mysticeti, which improves on Narwhal-Bullshark by addressing specific latency issues inherent in the system. Test results showed 500 milliseconds to commit for consensus and 250 milliseconds for single-owner transactions, while maintaining extremely high throughputs. Designed specifically for Sui, Mysticeti supports both single-owner object transactions, the fast path, and shared object transactions, at a fraction of the CPU costs and complexity of today’s Sui network.

Redesigning consensus

As with Narwhal and Tusk, Mysticeti uses a consensus algorithm based on a direct acyclic graph (DAG), where each validator proposes blocks of transactions linking to past blocks. Narwhal-Tusk showed that a DAG-based consensus algorithm can decouple latency from throughput, and maintain extremely high throughput even in the presence of network and node failures. A primary-workers architecture allowed Narwhal-based designs to increase throughput arbitrability without limits. 

However, Narwhal-Tusk's latency of commits was slightly worse than with coupled designs, such as Jolteon and Ditto, the algorithm adopted by Meta’s Diem project, for three reasons: 

First, Narwhal certifies blocks individually, as they need to be signed by a quorum of validators, each round, before being shared with all. This process results in a latency of one and a half round trips for blocks during each round. As a commit takes two rounds in Bullshark, blocks need three round trips for a commit. Mysticeti validators instead just sign and share their blocks, achieving latency of a half round trip for each block during a round. This change results in a 50 percent reduction of round trips and is, to our knowledge, the lowest number of round-trips for any existing DAG-based consensus algorithm.

Second, Narwhal and Tusk's primary-worker distinction in each validator increased throughput but may also increase latency in some circumstances. A worker needs to ensure that a sufficient number of other workers receive a block before sharing its hash with the primary to include in a header. In worst case scenarios latency increases by another round trip. This worker-primary architecture allows consensus-scaling when network bandwidth on a single machine becomes a bottleneck, which tends to occur in the range of hundreds of thousands TPS. Mysticeti breaks away from this architecture and simply inlines transactions within the primary’s block, which still allows for very high throughput in the range of over 100,000 TPS.

Finally, Bullshark and Tusk, as specified in the original paper, commit only every two or approximately three rounds, respectively, and they only commit the sub-DAG linked by the leader block. Due to this cycle, an unlucky transaction that was included just after a committed block may wait twice the number of rounds before being committed, or even more if it is not linked by the next leader. Mysticeti’s novel commit rule naturally appoints multiple leaders every round, allowing for more transactions to be committed earlier. This innovation gives Mysticeti the greatest boost in reducing latency.

As a result of these changes, Mysticeti achieves commits within three message delays, which translates to about 500 milliseconds in a testing environment on a wide area network (WAN). It still maintains a solid throughput of over 50,000 TPS under low latency, and over 100,000 TPS for a latency of around 1 second. It maintains other benefits of DAG consensus, including robustness against failures, censorship resistance, chain quality, high throughput, and full usage of network resources across validators. Full performance results are included in the paper, Mysticeti: Low-Latency DAG Consensus with Fast Commit Path. Source code for Mysticeti's evaluation can be found on GitHub. 

Moreover, Sui's fast path for owned object transactions achieves finality after two round trips in an ideal scenario, around 250 milliseconds on a WAN. To maintain this very fast mode, Mysticeti also includes a fast path. A validator can include a transaction for which other validators then vote through the Mysticeti DAG without additional signatures. Mysticeti inlines transactions within blocks, enabling this process. As a result, a transaction can be certified without a mass of signature generation and verification, allowing five to 10 times faster path transactions to be processed by the same CPU. 

Setting a new standard

Latency of 500 milliseconds to commit is the fastest ever reported at high throughputs for large-scale WAN consensus, and has the potential to revolutionize the blockchain industry. Couple that with scalable infrastructure reaching 50,000 TPS, and Sui becomes a compelling competitor to centralized computing systems in terms of raw performance.

Sui's record-breaking transactions-per-second performance comes partially due to a mathematical construct, the directed acyclic graph (DAG). This construct speeds up network transactions by processing them in the most efficient manner, rather than a first-come, first served linear progression.

Combining the non-linear nature of a DAG with a blockchain, a distributed ledger designed to ensure data integrity, entwines the virtues of two technologies. As a blockchain network, Sui preserves historicity and custody of data objects, while its DAG-based consensus system makes manipulation of those data objects nimble.

What is a DAG?

A DAG is a type of data structure differing from the linear chain structure of traditional blockchains. Unlike blockchains, which consist of blocks linked together in a linear fashion, DAGs are more like a web of interconnected nodes. To understand DAGs, let's first break down the acronym in reverse order. 

In the context of distributed ledger technology, a graph database organizes data using interconnected structures akin to a web of relationships. The relationships between each individual data entry, or transaction, with others is used to form a network of information based on causal relationships. Through this approach, complex transactional relationships and dependencies are captured in the network.

Adding acyclic to the definition means there is no way to create a loop or cycle within the ledger or database. In other words, it is impossible to create a path within the database that leads to a situation where an earlier transaction relies on a later transaction. This property ensures that information flows in a one-way direction, bringing us to the final part of the acronym, directed. Being a directed graph, each relationship has a defined direction indicating the flow of information within the database. The directed nature allows for clear and unambiguous data flow, crucial for maintaining integrity and facilitating efficient processing of transactions.

Transactions within a DAG have explicit relationships with others that create a web-like structure. Note that eventually each transaction is observed by all nodes and, for simplicity, this image is showing that a transaction is only observed by a single node.

In summary, a DAG is a database structured as a network of interconnected pieces of information, or transactions, that are linked together based on their dependencies forming a graph that expands with each new transaction.

Blockchains and DAGs

Blockchains typically batch a group of transactions into a block which then go through a consensus process as a single entity. Blocks are linked together in a linear fashion which requires that the network’s state changes in a stepwise manner, block by block. On the other hand, transactions within a DAG are able to achieve consensus independently, bypassing the process of grouping many transactions into a block for the consensus process. 

In a blockchain, all the network validators have an agreed upon network state that they all work from. Validators assess a single group of transactions at the same time and cannot progress until a supermajority has come to an agreement on the validity of the block. For a block to be considered valid and be cemented into the blockchain, all of the transactions within that block must be valid. If a single transaction within the block is not valid, the entire block is discarded and must be recreated without the invalid transaction. Achieving consensus in a blockchain requires the validators to operate in lockstep, approving transactions block by block.

Similar to how consensus is achieved in a blockchain, transactions within a DAG achieve consensus once signed-off by a supermajority of the network validators. A key difference lies in the fact that each validator within a DAG has a different subset of the network state. In other words, the entire network state is not stored in each validator but instead can only be observed by cumulating individual validators' understanding of the network. 

There is no block of transactions that is validated at once by all validators, instead individual transactions are propagated throughout the network gaining signatures from individual validators that have knowledge of the network state needed to validate the transaction. Once the transaction obtains signatures from a supermajority of the network validators, it has achieved consensus and is considered finalized.

As a result of this structure, utilizing a DAG for transaction propagation and consensus allows for transactions to be confirmed asynchronously and concurrently, offering a more flexible and scalable approach compared to blockchains.

From DAG to Sui blockchain

Sui utilizes a DAG for transaction propagation and consensus and then, in a separate process, orders transactions into checkpoints, which are similar to blocks. Checkpoints are linked together and ordered in a linear fashion, similar to the structure of a typical blockchain. The main difference about Sui's blockchain structure is that transactions grouped into checkpoints are already finalized, in contrast to typical blockchains structures which group transactions not yet finalized into blocks. 

The main difference about Sui's blockchain structure is that transactions grouped into checkpoints are already finalized, in contrast to typical blockchains structures which group transactions not yet finalized into blocks.

Linking it all together

Sui's innovative approach combines the best features of both DAGs and blockchains, creating a network that offers unparalleled speed and flexibility. By utilizing a DAG for transaction propagation and consensus, Sui ensures that transactions can be confirmed asynchronously and concurrently, allowing for a more scalable and efficient system compared to traditional blockchains. However, to maintain the integrity and order of historical information, Sui employs a separate process to organize transactions into checkpoints, akin to blocks in a blockchain.  

These checkpoints are then linked together and ordered in a linear fashion, providing a familiar structure for storing and accessing historical data. Unlike traditional blockchains where transactions are grouped into blocks before consensus, in Sui transactions included in checkpoints are already finalized, offering a streamlined and efficient approach to transaction validation and storage. 

This hybrid architecture allows Sui to harness the benefits of both DAGs and blockchains, creating a robust and adaptable platform for decentralized applications and smart contracts.

Note: This content is for general educational and informational purposes only and should not be construed or relied upon as an endorsement or recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any asset, investment or financial product and does not constitute financial, legal, or tax advice.

Migrating to the Move 2024 edition introduces changes that make Move easier to write, and hopefully easier to read. The relatively few breaking changes in the source language better position Move to handle future advancements.

Many of these changes enhance the source language, affecting the compiler without requiring any changes to the binary representation published on chain.

Existing code will continue to compile, even with the addition of these new features. And because these features are opt-in, you can write your packages with the new features, even if your dependencies do not include them. Opting to take advantage of the new features in your current modules, however, introduces a few breaking changes.

Read our migration guide on GitHub for full details.

How to migrate

To migrate a project to Move 2024 Beta, you have two options:

Delete your existing Move.lock file (if one exists) to make sure you're using the newest sui-framework version.

Run sui move migrate in the root of your Move project. See the Automatic migration section of the migration guide for more information.

Alternatively, update your Move.toml file's [package] entry to include edition = "2024.beta". If you do this, you might receive a number of new errors as part of our breaking changes.

Automatic migration 

Move 2024 includes an automatic migration script that you can use by calling

sui move migrate

in the root of your Move project. Upon running, your console prompts you for which Move edition to use. If you select 2024.beta, the script invokes the compiler and attempts to automatically update your code to avoid the breaking changes the update introduces (including marking structs as public, mutable variables with the mut keyword, avoiding restricted keywords, swapping friends for public(package), and even updating paths to global paths in many cases).

After this script runs, your console displays a diff of the changes the script intends to make. If you accept the changes, the script updates your code and your

Move.toml

file automatically. You are now using Move 2024 Beta.

New features

Here is a brief overview of some of the new features in Move 2024.

Method syntax

You can call certain functions now as methods using the

.

syntax. For example, the following call:

vector::push_back(&mut v, coin::value(&c));

can now be written as:

v.push_back(c.value());

Where the receiver of the method (

v

and c in this example) is automatically borrowed if necessary (as &mut v and &c respectively).

You can call any function defined in the same module as the receiver's type as a method if it takes the receiver as its first argument.

For functions defined outside the module, you can declare methods using

public use fun

and use fun.

Index syntax

With method syntax, you can annotate certain functions as being

#[syntax(index)]

methods. You then call these methods using v[i]-style calls.

For example,

*&mut v[i] = v[j];

resolves to

*vector::borrow_mut(&mut v, i) = *vector::borrow(&v, j);

public(package)

friend

declarations, and the associated public(friend) visibility modifiers, are deprecated. In their place is the public(package) visibility modifier, which allows calling functions only within the same package where they are defined.

Positional fields

You can now define structs with positional fields, which are accessed by a zero-based index. For example,

public struct Pair(u64, u64) has copy, drop, store.

then to access each field,

public fun sum(p: &Pair): u64 {   p.0 + p.1 }

And as this example shows, you can now declare abilities after the struct field list.

Nested use and standard library defaults

You can now nest

use

aliases for more conciseness.

use sui::{balance, coin::{Self, Coin}};

Additionally, the following use declarations are now automatically included in every module:

use std::vector; use std::option::{Self, Option}; use sui::object::{Self, ID, UID}; use sui::transfer; use sui::tx_context::{Self, TxContext};

Automatic referencing in equality

Equality operations,

==

and !=, now automatically borrow if one side is a reference and the other is not. For example,

fun check(x: u64, r: &u64): bool {   x == r }

is equivalent to

fun check(x: u64, r: &u64): bool {   &x == r }

This automatic borrowing can occur on either side of

==

and !=.

Loop labels

When nesting loops, it can be convenient to break to the outer loop. For example,

let mut i = 0; let mut j = 0; let mut terminate_loop = false; while (i < 10) {     while (j < 10) {         if (haystack(i, j) == needle) {             terminate_loop = true;             break;         };         j = j + 1;     };     if (terminate_loop) break;     i = i + 1; }

Now, you can directly name the outer loop (

outer

in this case) and break it all at once:

let mut i = 0; let mut j = 0; 'outer: while (i < 10) {     while (j < 10) {         if (haystack(i, j) == needle) break'outer;         j = j + 1;     };     i = i + 1; }

break

with value

It's now possible to break with a value from a loop. For example,

let mut i = 0; let x: u64 = loop {     if (v[i] > 10) break i;     i = i + 1; };

You can achieve this with labels, as well. For example,

let mut i = 0; let mut j = 0; let item = 'outer: loop {     while (j < 10) {         let item = haystack(i, j);         if (item == needle) break'outer option::some(item);         j = j + 1;     };     i = i + 1;     if (i == 10) break option::none(); };

Breaking changes 

Breaking changes are, unfortunately, a growing pain in Move 2024. We anticipate these changes to be minimally invasive and provided a migration script to automate them in most cases. In addition, these changes pave the way for new features still to come in Move 2024.

Datatype visibility requirements

Currently, all structs in Move are, by convention, public: any other module or package can import them and refer to them by type. To make this clearer, Move 2024 requires that all structs be declared with the public keyword. For example,

// legacy code struct S { x: u64 } // Move 2024 code public struct S { x: u64 }

Any non-public struct produces an error at this time, although the Move team is working on new visibility options for future releases.

Mutability requirements

Previously, all variables in Move were implicitly mutable. For example,

fun f(s: S, y: u64): u64 {     let a = 0;     let S { x } = s;     a = 1;     x = 10;     y = 5;     x + y }

Now, you must declare mutable variables explicitly:

fun f(s: S, mut y: u64): u64 {     let mut a = 0;     let S { mut x } = 5;     a = 1;     x = 10;     y = 5;     x + y }

The compiler now produces an error if you attempt to reassign or borrow a variable mutably without this explicit declaration.

Removing friends and public(friend)

Friends and the

public(friend)

visibilities were introduced early in Move's development, predating even the package system. As indicated in the public(package) section, public(package) deprecates public(friend) in Move 2024.

The following declaration now produces an error:

module pkg::m {     friend pkg::a;     public(friend) fun f() { ... } } module pkg::a {     fun calls_f() { ... pkg::m::f() ... } }

Instead, if you want your function to be visible only in the package, write:

module pkg::m {     public(package) fun f() { ... } } module pkg::a {     // this now works directly     fun calls_f() { ... pkg::m::f() ... } }

New keywords

Looking toward the future, Move 2024 Beta adds the following keywords to the language:

enum

, for, match, mut, and type. The compiler, unfortunately, now produces parsing errors when it finds these in other positions. This is a necessary change as the language matures. If you perform automatic migration, the migration tool renames these as enum and so on, rewriting the code to use these escaped forms.

Revised paths and namespaces

Move 2024 revises how paths and namespaces work compared to legacy Move, toward easing

enum

aliasing in the future. Consider the following snippet from a test annotation in the sui_system library:

use sui_system::sui_system; ... #[expected_failure(abort_code = sui_system::validator_set::EInvalidCap)]

Legacy Move would always treat a three-part name as an address (

sui_system

), module ( validator_set), and module member ( EInvalidCap). Move 2024 respects scope for use, so sui_system in the attribute resolves to the module, producing a name resolution error overall.

To avoid cases where this is the intended behavior, Move 2024 introduces a prefix operation for global qualification. To use it, you can rewrite this annotation as:

use sui_system::sui_system; ... #[expected_failure(abort_code = ::sui_system::validator_set::EInvalidCap)]                              // ^ note `::` here

The migration script attempts to remediate naming errors using global qualification when possible.

Follow along

The beta release of Move 2024 comes with some powerful new features beyond the breaking changes described here. There are also more on the horizon. Join the Sui newsletter to learn about new, exciting features coming to Move this year, including syntactic macros, enums with pattern matching, and other user-defined syntax extensions.

Please, provide any feedback or report any issues you encounter via GitHub, Discord, or the Sui Developer Forums.

DeepBook, Sui's first native liquidity layer, is launching its own native token, DEEP, reinforcing its position as key financial infrastructure for the Sui network. DEEP is designed for institutions and institutional traders using DeepBook to provide wholesale liquidity in DeFi. The combination of DeepBook and DEEP delivers the preeminent venue in Web3 for sourcing liquidity by DeFi apps. 

Key features of the DEEP token include volume-based fees and maker incentives. Participating in those features requires that users reach specific staking thresholds in DeepBook pools. Those users will also contribute to governance of those pools by staking their DEEP tokens.

DeepBook's fully on-chain central limit order book architecture allows DeFi protocols and professional traders to access its pools and offer a range of rich retail services. Along with market token orders, users can place limit orders in DeepBook pools, allowing for sophisticated trading functionality. Deepbook delivers an efficient foundation for DeFi, supporting liquidity and unlocking avenues for innovation in financial products.

The DEEP token will officially launch later this year. In the meantime, DeepBook developed a unique soulbound NFT, called DBClaimNFT, made available on March 28. Recipients of this NFT will be able to unwrap it and obtain liquid, fungible DEEP tokens upon token launch. 

The DBClaimNFT, distributed on March 28, 2024, shows the quantity of fungible DEEP tokens it can be unwrapped into when the token launches. This NFT cannot be transferred, swapped, or sold. Designed for wholesale trading

The DEEP token's design incentivizes DeepBook's many diverse participants to work together in offering ample and around-the-clock liquidity, strengthening wholesale liquidity. It will contribute to DeepBook's foundational liquidity for DeFi protocols. This design includes features geared towards institutional users.

Volume-based fees: While anyone can trade on DeepBook, the fees these traders pay decrease incrementally with respect to the trader’s activity in that pool. This allows institutional traders, DeFi protocols, and other active participants to pay low fees on the margin, whereas infrequent traders pay higher fees and would likely use DeFi protocols or brokers instead.

Maker incentives: DeepBook's liquidity providers, called makers, receive extra DeepBook token-denominated incentives, which, in the aggregate, decrease in the amount of total liquidity provided in a given epoch. This allows DeepBook to maintain consistent liquidity depth even in periods that would otherwise see low liquidity.

Stake-based participation: Participation in the two programs above (discounted fees and incentives) for a given pool requires traders to stake a minimum number of tokens in the pool in advance and for the duration of the epoch. These stakes earn no explicit rewards. Any trader that does not stake this minimum number both will pay the standard fee to trade in that DeepBook pool and will be ineligible for maker incentives emanating from the pool. This upfront capital requirement further positions DeepBook as a hub for wholesale rather than retail liquidity.

Stake-based governance: Separately, stakers in a given pool control governance for that pool. Specifically, parameters around fees and maker incentives for a given pool will be controlled by stakers in that pool, with governance rights that increase with stake weights.

Protecting users

Many DeFi protocols are designed such that they inadvertently incentivize two self-serving behaviors from liquidity providers, wash trading and governance capture. Wash trading involves creating artificial volume to take advantage of volume discounts, while governance capture may let traders set rules favorable to themselves, at the expense of other users. The new token includes key protections in anticipation of these exploits.

As protection against wash trading, tokens collected in an epoch by a given pool can never be less than tokens distributed in that epoch by that same pool, with the delta being burned. In addition, total incentives decrease sharply in the amount of total activity, blunting a trader's economic incentive to send artificial volume.

DeepBook mitigates governance capture by limiting rules setting to simple parameters. For example, while traders can vote for cheaper fees, that vote would apply to all fee schedules, eliminating the potential for targeted fee schedules that only benefit certain users. Further checking governance capture, governance rights do not increase at a linear rate in relation to stake quantity, with staking amounts delivering decreased rights above certain thresholds. This mechanism maintains a voice for smaller traders in the system.

Full details of the DEEP token, including its allocation and flows, can be found in the DeepBook Token whitepaper.

DEEP FAQ

Was the airdrop delivered to the wallet or is it on a claim site?

A DeepBook token claim is represented by an NFT sent to a qualified user’s wallet address. Recipients will be able to unwrap the NFT and obtain DEEP tokens when the DEEP token officially launches.

How can we tell if the DBClaimNFT we received is real?

The DeepBook website and twitter account will have the address that represents the DBClaimNFT collection. 

Can I transfer or sell the DBClaimNFT?

The DBClaimNFT is a soulbound NFT, meaning it cannot be sent to another wallet address or traded. The DBClaimNFT is permanently attached to the wallet address it was sent to.

My NFT is on a wallet I can’t access, what can I do?

Unfortunately, if you have lost the private keys for the wallet which contains your DBClaimNFT you will not be able to claim your DB tokens when they are live.

When can I use my DBClaimNFT to claim tokens?

In the future, once the DEEP token officially launches, users will be able to send a transaction to unwrap their DBClaimNFT and obtain liquid DEEP tokens.

Why did you decide to create a token? What is the purpose?

The DeepBook token was created to support the aim of the DeepBook platform becoming the premier decentralized central limit order book (CLOB) for wholesale liquidity on the Sui platform. The token enables DeepBook to better provide a reliable and inexpensive layer of liquidity for protocols and professional participants on Sui to access, while also allowing that layer to be decentralized. This makes DeepBook a valuable public good to the community, providing key financial infrastructure that is inexpensive for users, benefits ecosystem-wide liquidity, and supports the rich consumer-facing DeFi platform.

What features does the token have? What is the utility?

There are four key flows for the DeepBook token: volume-based taker fees, maker incentives, stake-based participation, and staked-based governance. Please see the DeepBook token whitepaper for more details on each.

What is the distribution of the token?

Is the token mintable?

All of the tokens will be minted at the Token Generation Event (TGE) and will not be mintable into the future.

Are you able to transfer the claim to the NFT?

No, the claim NFT is soul-bound and tied to the address it was sent to.