Other important updates and hard forks in Ethereum's history include:
Byzantium(October 16, 2017): It reduces mining rewards from 5 to 3 ETH, delays difficulty bombs, allows stateless contract calls, and adds cryptographic methods to scale L2 tissue.
Constantinople(February 28, 2019): This update also further reduces mining rewards from 3 to 2 ETH and helps optimize gas costs.
Istanbul (December 8, 2019): This update optimized gas costs, improved DoS attack recovery, enhanced performance for layer 2 (L2) solutions, and enabled Ethereum-Zcash interoperability.
Beacon Chain Genesis(December 1, 2020): Mark the beginning of Ethereum 2.0 by launching the Beacon Chain after meeting the required 32 ETH deposit.
Berlin(April 15, 2021): This update has optimized gas costs and increased support for many transaction types.
London(August 5, 2021): It introduces EIP-1559, reforming the transaction fee market with variable-sized blocks and making gas fees more predictable.
Paris(August 15, 2022): Commonly known as Merge, this upgrade moved Ethereum from proof-of-work to proof-of-stake, significantly changing the network's consensus mechanism.
Shanghai-Capella(April 12, 2023): This upgrade enables staking withdrawals on Ethereum's execution layer and introduces automatic account scanning for rewards and withdrawals.
Cancun-Deneb(March 13, 2024): Also known as Dencun, this update introduced EIP-4844 (proto-danksharding) to reduce data storage overhead for L2 rolling, enhancing expand and reduce transaction fees.
