Source: Grayscale
Compiled by: BitpushNews Yanan
Affected by the tightening macroeconomic environment, cryptocurrency market prices experienced a certain correction in April. What is particularly noteworthy is that due to the steady growth of the U.S. economy and the continued high level of inflation, the probability of the Federal Reserve cutting interest rates within this year has been significantly reduced, which will undoubtedly bring some downward pressure to the cryptocurrency market.
However, judging from the overall development trend of the crypto industry, the market outlook remains optimistic. The Bitcoin halving event, the growing activity of the Ethereum ecosystem, and the possible positive progress in the US stablecoin legislation all show the industry’s inherent strong growth momentum.
The Grayscale research team believes that, provided that the overall macro market environment remains stable, the price of cryptocurrencies is expected to see new upside in the second half of 2024.
After seven consecutive months of gains, Bitcoin prices suffered a 15% decline in April 2024, a correction that also drove a downward trend across the cryptocurrency market. Although the market received a series of fundamental good news in April - such as the Bitcoin halving and the significant progress in stablecoin legislation in the United States - these positive factors failed to completely offset the trend of the macroeconomic environment. market pressure brought about by tightening.
After taking risk-adjusted factors into account (i.e., taking into account the volatility of each asset), we find that Bitcoin and Ethereum have mid-range returns compared to traditional assets (see Figure 1). In April, gold and oil prices rose, partly due to escalating tensions in the Middle East. However, at the same time, most other major asset classes fell.
In particular, the market for long-term government bonds has performed poorly. This is mainly due to market expectations of higher inflation, which will lead to higher real interest rates (i.e., interest rates adjusted for inflation). In addition, global stock indices have generally declined, and volatility in stock and bond markets has also increased.
Figure 1: Macro tightening dragged down the performance of various assets in April
The core reason for this market weakness seems to be the strong performance of nominal US economic growth, which makes the prospect of the Fed's interest rate cuts dim. In early April, the US Department of Labor reported that employment increased by about 300,000 in March and averaged about 275,000 per month in the first quarter. Subsequent reports showed that the "core" consumer price index (CPI) increased by more than 4% annualized for the third consecutive month. With the release of a series of strong economic data, the public statements of Fed officials seem to suggest that the possibility of rate cuts is gradually decreasing.
At the end of March, the market generally expected the Fed to cut interest rates three times by 25 basis points each by the end of 2024. However, by the end of April, this expectation had been significantly reduced to only one rate cut, also by 25 basis points (see Figure 2). This change reflects the market's repositioning of the Fed's future monetary policy.
Since Bitcoin is seen as an alternative monetary system that competes with the U.S. dollar, the rise in real interest rates over the past month may have supported the value of the U.S. dollar to some extent. At the same time, this interest rate change also has a direct impact on the price of Bitcoin.
Figure 2: Markets currently believe the Fed will cut interest rates relatively infrequently
While the market is currently assuming that the number of rate cuts from the Fed will be relatively small (as shown in Chart 2), last month’s news has revealed some important macro trends that have the potential to support demand for Bitcoin over the longer term.
Specifically, media reports indicate that if Trump is re-elected, his second administration may take a series of policy measures, including trying to weaken the independence of the Federal Reserve (Wall Street Journal), deliberately devaluing the dollar (Politico), and punishing countries that seek to conduct more bilateral trade in non-dollar currencies (Bloomberg). These potential policy moves undoubtedly increase the uncertainty of the dollar's outlook and may have an impact on alternative currency systems such as Bitcoin.
We have discussed the importance of these macro policy issues in detail in previous reports, especially in the upcoming election, where these issues are even more important. Although the current campaign is still in its early stages, the latest related reports have highlighted the uncertainty that the election may bring to the medium-term outlook of the US dollar. This uncertainty, in turn, may affect the medium-term trend of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin.
Despite the more challenging macro market environment, there were still many positive factors in the cryptocurrency market in April. The most notable one was undoubtedly the successful completion of Bitcoin’s halving operation on April 20. This halving caused the Bitcoin network’s new coin issuance rate to drop significantly from about 900 coins per day to about 450 coins per day.
After the halving, the Bitcoin network’s inflation rate — the annual rate at which new coins are issued relative to the existing supply — dropped to about 0.8% from about 1.7%. It is worth noting that before Bitcoin’s halving, its inflation rate was roughly the same as gold’s supply inflation rate, however today, Bitcoin’s inflation rate has decreased significantly (as shown in Figure 3). When calculated in U.S. dollars and based on current Bitcoin market prices, the reduction in daily Bitcoin issuance actually means a reduction in annual supply growth of approximately $10 billion.
Figure 3: Bitcoin’s inflation rate is lower than gold
On the day of the halving, Bitcoin transaction fees saw a significant increase, largely due to the emergence of Runes. Runes are a new fungible token standard on the Bitcoin network, created by the same developers who launched Ordinals. According to data, the transaction fees charged by miners on the day of the halving were as high as approximately 1,200 BTC, a significant increase from the previous daily average of 70 BTC. In the following days, daily transaction fees remained between 250 and 450 BTC, before trending back down toward the end of the month (as shown in Figure 4). However, high fees make small transactions on the Bitcoin network prohibitively expensive, which may undermine Bitcoin's properties as a medium of exchange (for example, single transaction fees averaged $124 on the day of the halving). Although the outlook is still unclear, we initially predict that Bitcoin transaction fees will increase in the medium term, thus ensuring the income of miners. At the same time, we also need to find broader expansion solutions to make Bitcoin payments more cost-effective and network use more convenient.
Figure 4: Bitcoin transaction fees surged before and after the halving
In April, Ethereum once again underperformed Bitcoin, and the reason behind this may be that the probability of an Ethereum spot ETF being approved in the United States has been significantly reduced. According to data from decentralized prediction platform Polymarket, the probability of an Ethereum spot ETF receiving U.S. regulatory approval has plummeted to 12% as of the end of May, down from 21% at the end of March and 75% at the beginning of January.
However, it is worth noting that the on-chain activities in the Ethereum ecosystem have not been affected by this, but have shown a trend of continuous growth. In particular, in April, thanks to the promotion of Base and Arbitrum, the number of daily active users in the Ethereum ecosystem has climbed to 1.3 million (see Figure 5).
Despite recent disappointing returns, we remain optimistic about Ethereum and believe that it will benefit from the growing tokenization trend.
Figure 5: Ethereum ecosystem continues to grow
There have been several exciting pieces of good news in the stablecoin space this month. On April 17, Senators Lummis and Gillibrand jointly introduced a bipartisan bill to establish a clear legislative framework for stablecoins. The proposal is extensive, requiring stablecoin issuers to hold a one-to-one reserve to ensure the value of stablecoins, and also proposes corresponding consumer protection measures, such as introducing the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to assist in the event of a failure. More strikingly, the proposal explicitly proposes a complete ban on algorithmic stablecoins.
As the legislation progressed, payment giant Stripe also announced a major move. The company will allow its customers to use USDC stablecoins for payments on networks such as Ethereum, Solana, and Polygon. For these rapidly developing projects, Stripe's decision is undoubtedly a positive signal.
The stablecoin market has experienced significant growth in 2024, with its total market capitalization rapidly climbing from $130 billion in January to $160 billion now in just five months, an increase of 23%.
It is worth mentioning that since the beginning of 2023, Tether (USDT) has firmly held the top spot in the stablecoin market with its outstanding performance. According to the data in Figure 6, Tether currently accounts for 69% of the total market value of stablecoins, which is an overwhelming advantage. However, although Tether further expanded its market leading position in 2023, other stablecoins are also actively exerting their strength, presenting a diversified competitive landscape.
USDC issued by the American Circle company has shown strong growth momentum in 2024. According to statistics, its market value has increased by 36% so far, which is significantly higher than Tether's 20% growth performance during the same period.
Figure 6: Stablecoin market value continues to grow
Both Bitcoin and Ethereum outperformed the FTSE Grayscale Cryptocurrency Industry Index in April. The index covers 243 tokens (or "altcoins") in five crypto segments (Figure 7). The best performing crypto segment in April was the currency sector (mainly due to the relative stability of Bitcoin's price), while the worst performing was the consumer and cultural sectors. The weakness in this sector also reflects the decline and adjustment trend of Meme Coin after its strong rise in March.
Figure 7: All five crypto segments were weak in April
In most cases, the market's pullback clearly reflects a broad decline in market sentiment. However, after a deeper analysis, we found that some specific thematic trends still deserve close attention. For example, after risk adjustment, the return on investment of some decentralized exchange (DEX) tokens is still low. Another notable example is Worldcoin (WLD), whose price experienced a drop of up to 45% in April. Although the WLD team announced that it is building an Ethereum-based L2 network and actively exploring cooperation opportunities with OpenAI, these positive news failed to effectively boost the coin price. More worryingly, the WLD team also plans to further increase the supply of tokens through a new private sale, a move that may put further downward pressure on prices.
There is also good news for other projects: Toncoin (TON) has performed well recently, successfully surpassing Cardano (ADA) and becoming the seventh largest asset in the cryptocurrency field. The project further announced that it will deeply integrate with the instant messaging tool Telegram and launched a series of community and developer incentives, which undoubtedly added more appeal to it.
In addition, in the past 30 days, the market's attention has also been attracted by SocialFi, a decentralized social media application. Particularly worth mentioning is the FriendTech platform, which innovatively provides creators with an opportunity to generate income from online communities. On FriendTech, users can trade "keys" connected to Twitter accounts to access exclusive chat rooms. According to data from the analysis company Kaito, the popularity of FriendTech peaked in September 2023.
At the end of March, we judged that Bitcoin was entering the "fifth inning" of the current bull cycle. To borrow a baseball metaphor, we may now be in the "seventh inning": Bitcoin valuations have retreated, and the pace of inflows from Bitcoin spot ETFs has slowed. At the same time, indicators that reflect the positioning of speculative traders, such as perpetual futures funding rates, have also declined. Given the expected shift in the Fed's monetary policy, the current temporary pause in the rally makes sense - after all, rising real interest rates are a fundamental headwind for Bitcoin.
However, from a broad macroeconomic perspective, the outlook appears to remain positive: the U.S. economy is on track for a soft landing, Fed officials are signaling future rate cuts, and the November election results seem unlikely to trigger tighter fiscal policy. In addition, metrics used to measure Bitcoin valuations, such as the MVRV ratio, are currently well below the peak of previous cyclical highs (see Figure 8). As long as the macroeconomic outlook remains largely stable, we believe that Bitcoin prices and the total market value of cryptocurrencies are expected to continue to rise this year.
Figure 8: Bitcoin valuations show lower than previous peaks
