What is the difference between an externally owned account (EOA) and a contract account (CA)?

EOA:

It consists of public and private keys, just like MetaMask. Through mnemonic words and private keys, users can conduct transactions and access accounts.

CA:

Contract accounts do not have private keys, smart contracts are controlled by the code logic in them, and they are not controlled by users.

The key issue is: what the contract account can do can be defined through code, and EOA is what the user controls. One is manual by the user, and the other is automatic based on the user's ideas.

Relationships: Smart contracts have the ability to do anything you can write in code, whereas EOAs can basically only sign transactions.

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