1. Satoshi Nakamoto (Founder of Bitcoin)
Estimated Holdings: 1 million $BTC
Details: The pseudonymous creator of Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto, is believed to hold around 1 million BTC. These coins have never been moved, and their ownership remains a subject of speculation. If these coins were ever sold, it could have a significant impact on Bitcoin’s price.
2. Bitcoin Exchanges
Exchanges like Binance, Coinbase, Kraken, Bitfinex, and others hold large amounts of Bitcoin in custodial wallets on behalf of their users.
Binance: Typically, Binance holds several hundred thousand BTC across various wallets.
Coinbase: Also holds a significant portion, often estimated to be in the range of 800,000 to 1 million BTC, reflecting the platform’s customer base.
3. MicroStrategy
Holdings: Around 160,000 BTC (as of December 2024)
Details: MicroStrategy, a business intelligence company led by Michael Saylor, has become one of the largest institutional holders of Bitcoin. The company has adopted a strategy of acquiring Bitcoin as part of its treasury reserves.
4. Tesla
Holdings: 42,902 BTC (as of late 2024)
Details: Tesla, led by Elon Musk, purchased nearly 43,000 BTC in early 2021, although some of the holdings may have been sold or adjusted based on market conditions. Tesla’s involvement in Bitcoin has made headlines, particularly because of Musk's public statements on cryptocurrency.
5. Grayscale Bitcoin Trust (GBTC)
Holdings: Over 600,000 BTC
Details: Grayscale Bitcoin Trust is an investment vehicle that holds Bitcoin on behalf of institutional and accredited investors. It is one of the largest publicly available Bitcoin funds and is one of the largest holders of Bitcoin.
6. Block.one
Holdings: Significant, but not publicly disclosed
Details: Block.one, the company behind the EOS blockchain, is believed to hold a substantial amount of Bitcoin, although the exact number is unclear.
7. Hut 8 Mining Corp and Marathon Digital Holdings
Holdings: Both companies are major Bitcoin miners and hold significant amounts of Bitcoin in their treasuries, often totaling tens of thousands of BTC.
8. Publicly Traded Bitcoin ETFs
Details: Bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs) like the ProShares Bitcoin Strategy ETF and others can hold a significant amount of Bitcoin, although their holdings are generally smaller compared to some of the other institutional players listed above.
9. Whales and High-Net-Worth Individuals
Details: Several high-net-worth individuals (HNWI) and Bitcoin "whales" hold large quantities of Bitcoin. Notably, these include early adopters who mined or purchased Bitcoin when it was still inexpensive, as well as some hedge funds and family offices.
10. El Salvador
Holdings: 2,381 BTC (as of late 2024)
Details: The government of El Salvador became the first country to adopt Bitcoin as legal tender in 2021. Since then, it has been purchasing Bitcoin to add to its national reserves.
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