Since March 2024, Ethereum's Layer 1 network revenue has plummeted 99%, but Layer 2 users and transaction costs have increased significantly. After the Dencun upgrade, Ethereum's Layer 2 transaction fees have dropped significantly, triggering competition for L2 scaling solutions. There are currently 74 L2 scaling projects and 21 Layer 3 projects, and the competition is fierce. This has prompted users to no longer settle directly on the Ethereum base layer, reducing network fees. Dencun's reduced transaction costs offset the deflationary pressure brought about by EIP-1559, causing ETH prices to fall.

Original title: Ethereum layer-1 network revenue collapses — What’s causing it?

Original author: Vince Quill

Original source: cointelegraph

Compiled by: Mars Finance, Eason

Despite a sharp increase in monthly users and daily transaction costs on Layer 2, Ethereum Layer 1 network revenue has plummeted 99% since March 2024.

According to Token Terminal, network fees reached an annual high of $35.5 million on March 5, 2024. The Dencun upgrade went live on March 13, 2024, which significantly reduced fees for Ethereum Layer 2 transactions.

Ethereum network fees in 2024. Source: Token Terminal

After the upgrade, network fees steadily decreased, hitting a low of $566,000 on August 31, and rose slightly to $578,000 on September 2, 2024.

Too many L2s?

After the Dencun upgrade, Ethereum L2 fees dropped significantly, sparking competition for L2 scaling solutions. The Layer 2 data resource L2Beat currently lists 74 Ethereum L2 scaling projects and 21 Layer 3 projects.

Anoma CEO Adrian Brink believes that the number of L2 solutions currently being built on the Ethereum network far exceeds market demand. Brink estimates that the number of Layer 2 scaling solutions is about 10 times the industry demand.

Average network fees for Ethereum Layer 2 L2 network. Source: Token Terminal

This highly competitive environment encourages a race to the bottom, with rival L2s competing to offer the lowest transaction fees to their customers. The resulting competition draws users away from settling directly on the Ethereum base layer and acts as a self-reinforcing mechanism, further driving down network fees.

Low fees create inflationary supply pressures

Dencun’s reduced transaction costs offset the deflationary pressure brought about by EIP-1559, an Ethereum Improvement Proposal that introduced a mechanism to destroy part of the fees on the network.

Ethereum supply. Source: Y Charts

The significant reduction in fees means a drop in demand for Ether, the currency needed to pay for network transactions. As a result, the supply of ETH has been growing steadily since the Dencun upgrade went live. Ethereum's historically low transaction costs, and the corresponding lack of demand, have caused the price of ETH to drop below $3,000.