Ethereum's future is tied to Layer-2 (L2) solutions, despite their challenges, including fragmentation and interoperability issues. Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin supports the idea of an "enshrined ZK-EVM" upgrade, which would add a new layer of complexity but potentially improve security. However, this could also create challenges for L2 developers. For now, the solution lies in interoperable L2 ecosystems like ZKsync's ZK Stack and Polygon's CDK, which allow for cheap and fast exchange of crypto-assets information between L2s. These L2 solutions represent a step-change toward a new era in blockchain technology, despite being in the early stages of development.