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Hey buddy! You're following what's happening with Ethereum, right? Vitalik Buterin just made a truly major statement that sets the roadmap for the next 5-7 years. In short, he clearly outlined how Ethereum plans to solve its eternal trilemma (scalability, security, decentralization) and become a super-powerful and resilient network.
Here's a breakdown "in simple terms" of what he said and why it matters.
The gist in two paragraphs:
Vitalik stated that by 2027–2030, the primary method for verifying blocks on Ethereum will be so-called zk-EVMs. This isn't just theory—it's already working code that's being polished now. And along with this, we can expect a colossal increase in network throughput (via a gas limit increase) without sacrificing decentralization.
What are zk-EVMs and why are they the Holy Grail?
To understand the importance, recall the evolution:
BitTorrent (2000): High throughput and decentralization, but no consensus (no one guarantees the file is correct).Bitcoin (2009): Has decentralization and consensus, but low throughput because every node needs to verify everything.Ethereum today: Already has consensus and decentralization, but throughput is still limited.
zk-EVMs are a technology that allows a node to verify the correct execution of any complex transaction or smart contract by receiving only a tiny cryptographic proof (zero-knowledge, zk). This changes the paradigm: there's no need to recalculate all operations, it's enough to verify this proof. This is the "work division" Buterin talked about.
Vitalik says: "The trilemma is solved — not on paper, but with code."
One part of the solution — Data Availability Sampling (DAS) — is already live on mainnet. It guarantees that data is available for verification. The second part is the zk-EVMs themselves, which have already reached production-level performance. What remains is finalizing their absolute security.
Roadmap: what to expect and when?
Right now (2024): DAS is operational on the network.2025: Launch of PeerDAS — the next step for scaling data availability.2026: The first significant gas limit increase is expected (via BAL and ePBS protocols), even before mass zk-EVM adoption. This same year, the first zk-EVMs may start operating in some parts of the network.2027–2030: zk-EVMs become the primary method for block verification. This will pave the way for even greater gas limit increases. Network throughput will grow by orders of magnitude, and fees should stabilize and decrease.
What about centralization?
Vitalik also touched on another critical issue — centralization in block building (mev-boost/block builders). The long-term goal is for a block to never be fully assembled in one place. This is difficult, but it's the aim. For now, the task is to distribute block building authority, for example through decentralized builder markets. This will reduce censorship risks and increase the network's "geographic fairness."
What does this mean for us, regular users?
The Ethereum Foundation states directly: higher gas limits = more network capacity = less congestion and stable (low) fees. zk-EVMs at the L1 level are the key to safely enabling this "turbo mode."
And the main question for discussion:
If Ethereum actually implements this plan by 2030 and combines high throughput, decentralization, and security — what niche will it occupy in the future crypto-ecosystem? Will it become the "world computer" for all mass applications, or will it retreat into an elite role as a high-reliability settlement layer?
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