The United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union have different tax rules, rates, and regulatory frameworks. United States: The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) classifies cryptocurrency as digital assets, and capital gains tax must be paid on the sale, conversion, or use of cryptocurrency to purchase goods; mining and staking rewards, as well as crypto salaries, are taxed as income. United Kingdom: Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HMRC) classifies cryptocurrency as assets, and capital gains tax (CGT) must be paid on sales, exchanges, and payments, with a maximum rate of up to 24%. Mining and crypto salaries are also subject to income tax, and employers paying in cryptocurrency must pay National Insurance Contributions (NIC) for themselves and their employees. European Union: Tax policies vary significantly by country, with Germany exempting taxes on cryptocurrency held for more than a year; sales within a year are subject to a maximum income tax of 45%, plus a 5.5% solidarity surcharge. Spain taxes at rates ranging from 19%-28%, and Portugal's tax rates range from 14.5%-53%, with a standard capital gains tax rate of 28%. (The Block)