Written by: Pzai, Foresight News

In the development of blockchain technology architecture, we have experienced a transition from Bitcoin's UTXO model to Ethereum's smart contracts, giving rise to countless application scenarios; however, inter-operability issues between different architectures in the existing public chain ecosystem are becoming increasingly prominent. In response to this challenge, the L1 public chain Supra has built a vertically integrated blockchain solution, providing a Layer 1 platform with all key functions embedded, while employing a hierarchical network model of 'tribe' and 'clan' along with its self-developed Moonshot consensus engine to enhance the system's elasticity, security, and processing speed. This article analyzes from multiple angles how Supra provides innovative technological pathways to solve many challenges in the existing blockchain ecosystem.

Vertical Integration

In the existing blockchain ecosystem, many public chain design ideas typically integrate consensus, data availability, and execution functions within the core network, delegating other infrastructures (such as oracles, cross-chain communication, on-chain randomness, etc.) to other protocols, leading to increased integration complexity, security risks, and rising development costs. Supra L1 adopts a vertically integrated approach, embedding key services such as oracles, cross-chain communication, automation, and on-chain randomness (VRF) directly at L1, ensuring all services share consistent security and avoiding delays and security issues common in traditional cross-chain communication.

Supra Container: High-Efficiency Combination and Diverse Ecology

Most existing blockchain applications have ecological dependencies and have certain limitations in multi-chain interoperability and liquidity access. Additionally, the independence of each application is influenced by execution and economic models, limiting the development of use case expansion within a single application. However, dApps built on the Supra chain utilize containerization technology, allowing them to fully leverage the elasticity and flexibility of L2 while maintaining the independence of application chains. Within the containers, developers can customize governance and incentive models according to their needs and leverage L1's liquidity advantage to enhance transaction efficiency of applications. Furthermore, Supra provides various vertically integrated services, such as automated networks and random number generators, which can help developers deploy applications faster and improve their performance and security.

For underlying blockchain execution, there are various virtual machine solutions available in the market, while Supra's Multi-VM design expands the platform's applicability. Currently, Supra supports multiple mainstream virtual machines such as MoveVM and EVM (future support for Solana VM and Cosmos VM). Developers from different ecosystems can easily migrate their applications to Supra without the need for reprogramming while utilizing high throughput and low latency performance, and improving interoperability between smart contracts.

Moonshot Consensus and Proof Mechanism

Currently, many L1s are striving to balance throughput and finality, while Supra's Moonshot consensus protocol is a randomized single-leader rotation protocol based on Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) mechanisms, improving transaction processing efficiency through parallelized workflows. This protocol employs a flexible design that can be adjusted according to different needs, achieving high throughput of 500,000 transactions per second and sub-second consensus latency. Additionally, Supra has rigorously verified the security of the Moonshot consensus protocol using formal verification methods to ensure its correctness and reliability.

The Moonshot consensus protocol adopts an optimistic proposal mechanism, whereby when a node submits a block proposal, it assumes that the proposal will be accepted and continues to send requests for the next block proposal. If other nodes agree with the proposal, it will be included in the next block. This allows nodes to directly enter the next consensus process under the expectation of a positive outcome, thus avoiding unnecessary waiting time. Additionally, since transaction transmission, ordering, and execution can run in parallel, it effectively reduces processing time. This separation mechanism decreases the system's reliance on honest nodes, lowering the proportion of honest nodes required for consensus to a minimum.

'Tribe - Clan' Architecture: Hierarchical Node Management and Parallel Execution

'Tribe - Clan' node management architecture adopts a hierarchical and randomized approach for node management, where the tribe represents a collective of numerous large nodes, while the clan represents a randomly selected collection of small nodes within the tribe. Small nodes are randomly selected within the tribe to form clans, ensuring that the risk of Byzantine behavior at each layer is kept to a minimum, providing high elasticity and robustness. Node resources will be dynamically allocated based on demand, with different tasks assigned to different clans that can be executed in parallel. This mechanism ensures that the Supra network can operate normally even in the presence of Byzantine node interference, enhancing multi-dimensional computation and execution efficiency, while the unique architecture strengthens scalability and security by achieving parallel execution at the network and node levels. The random node reshuffling set at L1 ensures security, while VRF-based randomness increases resistance to targeted attacks.

Left: User Transaction Flow in Supra

Right: 'Tribe - Clan' Architecture

PoEL Economic Liquidity Proof Mechanism

PoEL (Proof of Economic Liquidity) is Supra's unique incentive mechanism that links participants' capital risks with the incentive mechanism. Customized incentive methods are designed based on the risk and purpose of capital to attract long-term capital investment into network construction. This mechanism supports various digital assets participating in liquidity pools, providing a more diverse source of capital, while risk management measures reduce the impact of asset volatility on network security.

At the same time, PoEL allows capital to provide liquidity in liquidity pools while earning staking rewards, maximizing the utilization of capital across multiple scenarios and improving capital efficiency.

Team and Project Progress

The Supra team has a solid academic foundation, led by Dr. Aniket Kate, the inventor of KZG commitments and cryptographer, as the Chief Research Officer. KZG commitment technology plays a central role in Ethereum's scaling roadmap. Supra has just launched the MoveVM mainnet and will soon release the EVM version. Currently, Supra has launched over 50 dApps and is in talks with over 100 dApps, has launched a $100 million ecosystem fund, and has initiated a community-based project showcase event called Super dApp Showdown, where community and VC judges will select winners each season, who can directly access the ecosystem fund.

Conclusion

In the competitive environment of the blockchain ecosystem, users and developers need to perform certain integrations at the underlying architecture level to access better services. In the current diverse blockchain ecology, interoperability and integration complexity between different public chains have become pressing issues. As a Layer 1 platform, Supra attempts to provide a solution with built-in key functionalities through vertical integration, supporting multiple virtual machines (such as MoveVM, EVM), aiming to facilitate the migration of applications from different tech stacks to its platform while providing developers with a highly flexible and secure decentralized platform without compromising performance. In the future, Supra's technological innovations will bring more possibilities to developers, accelerating the application and development of various blockchain applications globally.