The return of President Donald Trump to the helm of the U.S. economy has sent ripples through global financial systems, with central banks from Tokyo to Toronto recalibrating their strategies. As the world steps into 2025, the economic landscape is marked by cautious policymaking, with advanced economies projected to trim interest rates by only 72 basis points this yearโa notable slowdown compared to 2024.
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๐๐ง๐๐ฅ๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐
The Federal Reserve is taking a measured approach as inflation remains above its 2% target. Following a modest 25-basis-point cut in December, Fed policymakers are signaling restraint, with only an additional half-point reduction anticipated in 2025. Fed Chair Jerome Powell has emphasized that current monetary policies are sufficiently restrictive to bring inflation under control. However, Trumpโs preference for lower interest rates and soaring stock markets has created tension, potentially complicating the Fedโs stance. With tariffs adding to the mix, the widening gap between U.S. and eurozone rates is likely to intensify this balancing act.
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In the eurozone, the European Central Bank is pursuing a cautious but consistent path, lowering rates by 25 basis points at a time to address sluggish economic growth. While headline inflation is expected to align with the ECBโs 2% goal this year, rising wage-driven services inflation remains a challenge. Meanwhile, Japan faces a delicate situation. The Bank of Japan is holding off on rate hikes as it assesses the economic implications of Trumpโs trade policies, with Governor Kazuo Ueda likely to delay action until March for clearer signals.
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The Bank of England continues its gradual approach to rate cuts, carefully balancing domestic inflation concerns with global trade uncertainties. Similarly, Canadaโs central bank is bracing for Trumpโs proposed tariffs on Canadian goods, which could stifle investment and economic growth. In China, the Peopleโs Bank of China has pivoted to a moderately loose policy to counteract Trumpโs trade pressures, while Russiaโs central bank remains an outlier, maintaining sky-high rates to manage inflation linked to ongoing geopolitical tensions.
The global financial outlook for 2025 is undeniably shaped by Trumpโs economic policies, leaving central banks to tread carefully as they navigate an increasingly complex landscape.