In 2025, there are noteworthy Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs) and Ethereum Request for Comments (ERCs) to pay attention to. This article reviews five significant Ethereum upgrade contents, some of which are confirmed to go live in the Pectra upgrade, while others will take a longer time to achieve but have notable supporters.
EIP-3074: Users can combine multiple transactions into one, allowing project parties to fund user transactions and pay Gas fees, and introduces a method to recover wallets in case users lose their private keys. It introduces a new opcode that allows EOA users to authorize smart contracts to perform operations on their behalf in a single transaction while maintaining security and control. It achieves transaction batching, sponsored transactions, conditional transactions, meta transactions, delegated security, and other utilities, marking the next significant step in the future development of the Ethereum account model. It is a short-term remedy before the rise of ERC-4337 and significantly enhances user experience. EIP-7251: Holds higher value for validators with a large amount of ETH, allowing them to earn additional staking rewards beyond the standard 32 ETH staking amount. It enables staking of all held ETH through a single validation node, likely attracting large institutions to operate validation nodes and further participate in the Ethereum ecosystem. It may also improve the operational speed of the Ethereum network through validation node consolidation. EIP-7002: As part of the Pectra upgrade, it addresses major risk issues in the operation of validation nodes, allowing stakers to withdraw ETH solely by extracting keys, eliminating the risk of malicious operators refusing to sign exit messages and reducing the likelihood of ETH being held up after validation keys are leaked. ERC-7683: A token standard aimed at addressing cross-chain interoperability issues and defining a shared structure for cross-chain intents, first proposed in 2024, drafted jointly by Uniswap and Across Protocol, aiming to standardize Intents and bring benefits such as unification, interoperability, elimination of fragmentation, enhanced user experience, increased liquidity, faster transactions, and driving innovation to the Ethereum ecosystem. ERC-7841: A novel token standard proposing a low-level message format and API for applications to send or receive messages to other chains, abstracting chain-specific logic from applications, serving as a modular foundation compatible with synchronous and asynchronous messaging protocols, showing strong momentum in the field of interoperability.

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