1. If the commodity or stock is permissible:
A stock represents a share in a company that engages in activities that are permissible according to Islamic law (such as trade, industry, agriculture).
The commodity is permissible according to Islamic law (such as gold, silver, agricultural commodities).
Trading is carried out in accordance with Sharia regulations (without fraud, usury or uncertainty).
Ruling: Trading is permissible provided that Sharia controls are adhered to.
2. If the commodity or stock is prohibited:
Shares of companies engaged in prohibited activities (such as usury, alcohol, gambling).
The item is prohibited (such as pigs or items used in illegal activities).
Ruling: Trading is forbidden because it encourages dealing in ways that do not please God.
3. If the trading is based on uncertainty or forbidden speculation:
If speculation is only aimed at making quick profits without the intention of owning the assets.
If trading in fake assets (such as some suspicious cryptocurrencies).
Ruling: Trading is forbidden because it involves gambling and uncertainty.
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Conditions for permissibility of trading in profit and loss:
1. The commodity or stock must be permissible according to Islamic law.
2. Trading should be transparent and free from fraud.
3. Trading should be done directly (without delay) if it is in currencies or commodities.
4. Both parties shall bear the profit and loss:
That is, the deal does not guarantee profit for only one party, because that is a type of injustice (gharar).
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Conclusion:
Dealing in commodities and stocks that are subject to profit or loss is permissible, provided that the commodity or stock is permissible, and that trading is carried out in accordance with Sharia controls, while avoiding any form of uncertainty, usury, or forbidden speculation.
If you are unsure about a particular activity, it is best to consult a specialized Sharia scholar to ensure the validity of the transaction.
