#ETH🔥🔥🔥🔥 Ethereum's Layer 2 network refers to solutions built on top of the Ethereum main network (Layer 1) to improve the scalability of the network, reduce transaction fees, and increase transaction speed. Here are some key points about Ethereum's Layer 2 network:

- **Purpose**: Mainly to solve the congestion problem of the Ethereum main network under high transaction volume, increase transaction throughput (TPS), and reduce Gas fees.

- **Main types**:

- **Optimistic Rollups**: Such as Arbitrum and Optimism, by assuming that transactions are valid unless someone issues a challenge to prove the opposite, reducing the storage and processing of on-chain data.

- **Zero-Knowledge Rollups (ZK-Rollups)**: Such as zkSync and StarkWare, use zero-knowledge proof technology to verify the correctness of transactions, providing higher security and privacy.

- **State Channels**: Similar to Bitcoin's Lightning Network, it is used for frequent small payments by conducting a large number of transactions off-chain and then only settling the final state on-chain.

- **Plasma**: An independent blockchain built on Ethereum that improves scalability through sharding, but requires regular synchronization with the mainnet.

- **Advantages**:

- **Efficiency**: By batching transactions, direct pressure on the mainnet is reduced.

- **Cost-effectiveness**: Transaction fees are greatly reduced because most computations and data are stored off-chain.

- **Speed**: Transaction confirmation speed is significantly improved, suitable for application scenarios that require fast transaction confirmation.

- **Challenges**:

- **Complexity**: Implementing and using L2 solutions may be complex for new users.

- **Interoperability**: Interoperability between different L2 solutions remains a challenge, although there is ongoing work to improve this.

- **Current Situation**: According to the Ethereum official website and recent discussions, the Ethereum second-layer network has played a key role in the ecosystem, especially with the implementation of EIP-4844 (also known as the "Cancun Upgrade"), which further enhances the effectiveness and attractiveness of L2.

If you are interested in specific projects or more detailed information, you can refer to the Ethereum official documentation (ethereum.org) or related community discussions.