According to reports from TASS, Russian President Putin has signed a law on taxing digital currencies, recognizing digital currencies as property and applying them to foreign trade payments under the EPR framework. Mining and selling digital currencies are exempt from value-added tax, and trading services within the EPR framework are also tax-free. Mining operators are required to report relevant service information to tax authorities. Digital currencies obtained through mining by individuals are counted as income at market value and taxed at a progressive rate of 13%-15%; companies engaged in mining will need to pay a 25% corporate income tax starting in 2025. Income from the sale and circulation of digital currencies is also included in a unified tax base management.