What are 'long' and 'short' positions?
A long position, simply put, is betting on a price increase. You buy something, hoping its price will rise, and then sell it when it does to earn the difference. For example, if you spend $20,000 to buy 1 Bitcoin, thinking it will rise to $25,000. If it does rise, and you sell it, you can make a profit of $5,000 (not counting fees, etc.).
A short position, on the other hand, is betting on a price decrease. You borrow something from someone, sell it quickly, and then buy it back at a lower price to return it, earning the difference between the selling and buying prices. For instance, if you borrow 10 shares of a company's stock at $100 each and sell them for $1,000. If the stock price drops to $80, you can buy them back for $800 to return, keeping a profit of $200 (not counting fees, etc.).
Let's talk about the risks:
Long position: You can lose at most the money you invested. If the asset price drops to zero, you lose everything.
Short position: The risks of a short position are much greater, theoretically limitless. If the asset price skyrockets, the amount you could lose may exceed your initial investment.
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