079. Homomorphic encryption:
Is a cryptographic technique that enables computations to be performed directly on encrypted data without decrypting it first.
Key Properties:
1. Addition: Encrypted values can be added together.
2. Multiplication: Encrypted values can be multiplied together.
3. Scalar multiplication: Encrypted values can be multiplied by a scalar.
Benefits of this mechanism:
1. Data privacy: Computations can be outsourced to untrusted parties.
2. Secure data processing: Data remains encrypted throughout processing.
3. Efficient: Reduces need for decryption and re-encryption.
Types include:
1. Partially homomorphic encryption: Supports only addition or multiplication.
2. Somewhat homomorphic encryption: Supports both addition and multiplication.
3. Fully homomorphic encryption: Supports arbitrary computations.
Applications: Secure cloud computing, Private data analysis,Secure voting systems, Healthcare data processing, Financial data analysis
Challenges: Computational overhead, Key management, Scalability, Noise accumulation
Notable Implementations: Brakerski-Gentry-Vaikuntanathan (BGV) scheme, Fan-Vercauteren (FV) scheme, Ring Learning With Errors (Ring-LWE)
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