📝Hi, I’m 10. This is the #区块链发展史 series of articles. This article briefly introduces Optimism, Arbitrum, zkSync, Starknet in L2, and the Optimistic Rollup and ZK Rollup behind the scenes.
Optimistic Rollup and ZK Rollup are both scaling solutions based on Rollup technology. They can package a large number of off-chain transactions into a batch and then publish their data to the Ethereum mainnet to achieve security and decentralization guarantees.
Among the four current scaling solutions, Optimism, Arbitrum, zkSync, and Starknet:
- Optimism and Arbitrum adopt the Optimistic Rollup mechanism, which assumes that all transactions are valid unless someone provides fraud proofs to question and correct them. This can improve the efficiency and throughput of transactions, but it also takes a certain amount of time to confirm the finality of the transaction.
- zkSync and Starknet use the ZK Rollup mechanism, which uses zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) to verify and compress off-chain transactions to achieve efficient and secure expansion. This can achieve instant transaction confirmation and low gas fees, but it also requires more complex cryptographic technology and computing resources.
🔹How Optimistic Rollup works:
Users create transactions on L2.
L2 packages transaction data into transaction batches.
L2 submits the transaction batches to the Ethereum mainnet.
The Ethereum mainnet uses a fraud proof mechanism to verify the validity of transaction batches.
The Ethereum mainnet publishes transaction batch data to L2.
Optimistic Rollup uses a fraud proof mechanism to verify the validity of transaction batches. If a transaction batch is proven to be fraudulent, the user can challenge the Ethereum mainnet. The Ethereum mainnet will adjudicate the challenge and return the assets of the fraudulent transaction to the user.
🔹How ZK Rollup works:
Users create transactions on L2.
L2 packages transaction data into zero-knowledge proofs.
L2 submits the zero-knowledge proof to the Ethereum mainnet.
Ethereum mainnet verifies the validity of zero-knowledge proof.
The Ethereum mainnet publishes the verification results to L2.
ZK Rollup uses zero-knowledge proof to verify the validity of transaction data. Zero-knowledge proof is a mathematical proof that proves that a piece of information is correct without revealing any details about the information.
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