Avm
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#ARC20 split upgrade has reached consensus on activation at block 848484!
Stock up on $QUARK to welcome the 618 upgrade!
#Atomicals #AVM #Quark
Stock up on $QUARK to welcome the 618 upgrade!
#Atomicals #AVM #Quark
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[Transfer] Interpretation of AVM White Paper
Please note: This article is written based on personal cognition and logical reasoning, and may not be correct. It is for reference only.
To understand AVM, the focus is on the following three pictures. Let's analyze them one by one:
Figure 1: What AVM wants to do
1️⃣
Developers can customize the "creation rules" and "transfer rules" of assets. These rules (or contracts) are stored and reflected in the form of data contained on the chain.
2️⃣
The created assets contain "states", which will be updated according to operations. Introducing "states" is very important for expansion.
3️⃣
From this dimension, AVM can actually be understood as a superset of the "layer asset protocol" (called Overlayer Protocol in the white paper), which can provide developers with a sufficiently customized way to create assets and related systems on the BTC mainnet.
Figure 2: How to do AVM
Let's look from top to bottom, from left to right:
1️⃣
The left side is the BTC main network, which contains our contract data, status data, etc.;
2️⃣
The middle part is the programming part based on Indexer. We can call the smart contract code (left). The code can be compiled by high-level language (top). After executing the contract (right), the relevant data (including token data, status data) is stored locally (bottom)
3️⃣
The specific execution function form includes two categories: one is the original op-code of Btc, such as op_add, op_mul, etc., and there is also op_cat that has not been passed. The other is the op-code that developers can customize, such as op_ft_balance (FT asset balance). In theory, there will be an official library, and developers can inherit and develop new functions based on the official library.
4️⃣
The footnotes explain the op-code. I don’t really understand why the proposed Two Stack PDA is Turing complete for the custom op-code. If you know, please give me some advice in the comments.
Figure 3: How AVM [forms consensus]
Since each client runs off-chain, how to form a consensus? The answer given in the white paper is to put the state hash on the chain, so that everyone can check whether the state is correct and synchronized.
After understanding the above points, we can sort out our understanding of AVM:
1️⃣
AVM provides a platform for developers to flexibly formulate asset rules;
2️⃣
Through native and customized op-codes, it can realize many functions, but it should be noted that these functions are different from what we understand as smart contracts in the EVM system, and relatively speaking, scalability requires time to develop;
3️⃣
AVM is based on indexer programming. In principle, it may be compatible with asset protocols with indexers in the future, and can realize the native access of such assets. It may provide such assets with another cross-chain form in addition to multi-signature/isomorphic binding, but it feels difficult to deeply bind different asset protocols from an ecological perspective;
4️⃣
The impact of AVM should not be overestimated for the time being, because it is based on the BTC mainnet, and what can be done based on the mainnet is limited (subject to the performance of the mainnet); but it should not be underestimated. In theory, it can realize the contract capabilities of the mainnet, which is of great positive significance to the BTC ecosystem. Whether it can be combined with the Lightning Network in the future is also a direction that can be explored.
#avm #atomicals #Quark
Original link: https://x.com/DaPangDunCrypto/status/1796099325170495990
Please note: This article is written based on personal cognition and logical reasoning, and may not be correct. It is for reference only.
To understand AVM, the focus is on the following three pictures. Let's analyze them one by one:
Figure 1: What AVM wants to do
1️⃣
Developers can customize the "creation rules" and "transfer rules" of assets. These rules (or contracts) are stored and reflected in the form of data contained on the chain.
2️⃣
The created assets contain "states", which will be updated according to operations. Introducing "states" is very important for expansion.
3️⃣
From this dimension, AVM can actually be understood as a superset of the "layer asset protocol" (called Overlayer Protocol in the white paper), which can provide developers with a sufficiently customized way to create assets and related systems on the BTC mainnet.
Figure 2: How to do AVM
Let's look from top to bottom, from left to right:
1️⃣
The left side is the BTC main network, which contains our contract data, status data, etc.;
2️⃣
The middle part is the programming part based on Indexer. We can call the smart contract code (left). The code can be compiled by high-level language (top). After executing the contract (right), the relevant data (including token data, status data) is stored locally (bottom)
3️⃣
The specific execution function form includes two categories: one is the original op-code of Btc, such as op_add, op_mul, etc., and there is also op_cat that has not been passed. The other is the op-code that developers can customize, such as op_ft_balance (FT asset balance). In theory, there will be an official library, and developers can inherit and develop new functions based on the official library.
4️⃣
The footnotes explain the op-code. I don’t really understand why the proposed Two Stack PDA is Turing complete for the custom op-code. If you know, please give me some advice in the comments.
Figure 3: How AVM [forms consensus]
Since each client runs off-chain, how to form a consensus? The answer given in the white paper is to put the state hash on the chain, so that everyone can check whether the state is correct and synchronized.
After understanding the above points, we can sort out our understanding of AVM:
1️⃣
AVM provides a platform for developers to flexibly formulate asset rules;
2️⃣
Through native and customized op-codes, it can realize many functions, but it should be noted that these functions are different from what we understand as smart contracts in the EVM system, and relatively speaking, scalability requires time to develop;
3️⃣
AVM is based on indexer programming. In principle, it may be compatible with asset protocols with indexers in the future, and can realize the native access of such assets. It may provide such assets with another cross-chain form in addition to multi-signature/isomorphic binding, but it feels difficult to deeply bind different asset protocols from an ecological perspective;
4️⃣
The impact of AVM should not be overestimated for the time being, because it is based on the BTC mainnet, and what can be done based on the mainnet is limited (subject to the performance of the mainnet); but it should not be underestimated. In theory, it can realize the contract capabilities of the mainnet, which is of great positive significance to the BTC ecosystem. Whether it can be combined with the Lightning Network in the future is also a direction that can be explored.
#avm #atomicals #Quark
Original link: https://x.com/DaPangDunCrypto/status/1796099325170495990
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Understanding the Index of Atomicals Protocols: ElectrumX
The Atomicals protocol does not force any changes to Bitcoin itself. Bitcoin is still used, with no sidechain, no second layer, no centralized index, and no project control. All data comes from transaction history and is built into UTXO.
The protocol index service originated from "ElectrumX" (github.com/atomicals/atomicals-electrumx). ElectrumX itself is an open source Bitcoin index server. It has been widely used for a long time. Thanks to its efficient data structure and caching mechanism, it can quickly query the transaction history, transaction data or balance check of users in the Bitcoin network. However, with the development of Bitcoin infrastructure, more high-quality alternatives have emerged. The original author kyuupichan finally gave up ElectrumX's support for Bitcoin three years ago. Arthur, the author of the Atomicals protocol, decided to keep and improve it here.
The protocol index service originated from "ElectrumX" (github.com/atomicals/atomicals-electrumx). ElectrumX itself is an open source Bitcoin index server. It has been widely used for a long time. Thanks to its efficient data structure and caching mechanism, it can quickly query the transaction history, transaction data or balance check of users in the Bitcoin network. However, with the development of Bitcoin infrastructure, more high-quality alternatives have emerged. The original author kyuupichan finally gave up ElectrumX's support for Bitcoin three years ago. Arthur, the author of the Atomicals protocol, decided to keep and improve it here.
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Rhythm report:
"Atomicals Protocol releases AVM white paper, software release will be completed in stages"
#Atomicals #ARC20 #Quark #AVM
"Atomicals Protocol releases AVM white paper, software release will be completed in stages"
#Atomicals #ARC20 #Quark #AVM
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Bitcoin ecology, an important narrative for the next round of bull market, the most grand narrative concept.
Current status of the three ecological musketeers:
1. Brc20 ecology is represented by ordi and 1000Sats, and the probability of another outbreak is very high
2. Arc20 ecology has not yet broken out. Represented by #Quark , it has great potential, and the current entry cost price is low and the winning rate is high.
3. Runes ecology has not yet broken out. Represented by the airdrop coin #Dog of the Runestone NFT faction, the other names are too long to remember at all. Every time I find a coin in the list, it's like doing English reading comprehension. But Runestone is worth holding, which has been detailed in the previous article, so I won't repeat it.
More importantly, I still think that BN is in control of the rhythm of this bull market, just like BN used to launch the ieo model to lead the bull market rhythm.
The listing of Ordi and the start of the BRC20 inscription bull market are the first rhythm. If these series of rhythms are developed around the Bitcoin ecological narrative, I have reason to suspect that the next rhythm will be Quark of the Arc20 ecosystem. Why not atomarc, because I am full of prejudice against coins with the same name, and it is unlucky.
Btc Ecological Three Musketeers, Bull Market Trio. Bitcoin Ecology always has to ambush, what do you think?
Anyway, I personally have already filled it up, and all three ecosystems have layouts. Among them, Quark and #符石 have invested a total of 100,000 yuan. The price is not high now, and it is not suspected of carrying the sedan chair when it is recommended. I will not recommend it if it really rises. At that time, the content to be posted is to show off. I hope that we can be prosperous together and show off together.
The above is today's fun.
Today's slogan:
Stay away from contracts, investing in spot stocks is the right way to welcome the next bull market (1/1)
#Quark #avm
$ORDI
Current status of the three ecological musketeers:
1. Brc20 ecology is represented by ordi and 1000Sats, and the probability of another outbreak is very high
2. Arc20 ecology has not yet broken out. Represented by #Quark , it has great potential, and the current entry cost price is low and the winning rate is high.
3. Runes ecology has not yet broken out. Represented by the airdrop coin #Dog of the Runestone NFT faction, the other names are too long to remember at all. Every time I find a coin in the list, it's like doing English reading comprehension. But Runestone is worth holding, which has been detailed in the previous article, so I won't repeat it.
More importantly, I still think that BN is in control of the rhythm of this bull market, just like BN used to launch the ieo model to lead the bull market rhythm.
The listing of Ordi and the start of the BRC20 inscription bull market are the first rhythm. If these series of rhythms are developed around the Bitcoin ecological narrative, I have reason to suspect that the next rhythm will be Quark of the Arc20 ecosystem. Why not atomarc, because I am full of prejudice against coins with the same name, and it is unlucky.
Btc Ecological Three Musketeers, Bull Market Trio. Bitcoin Ecology always has to ambush, what do you think?
Anyway, I personally have already filled it up, and all three ecosystems have layouts. Among them, Quark and #符石 have invested a total of 100,000 yuan. The price is not high now, and it is not suspected of carrying the sedan chair when it is recommended. I will not recommend it if it really rises. At that time, the content to be posted is to show off. I hope that we can be prosperous together and show off together.
The above is today's fun.
Today's slogan:
Stay away from contracts, investing in spot stocks is the right way to welcome the next bull market (1/1)
#Quark #avm
$ORDI
Talking about colored coins - Don't let the annual narrative slip away from under your nose
I entered the circle during the last bull market and have witnessed the birth, maturity and explosion of various concepts.
When looking for investment targets, you should look for those that can survive among the old concepts, and those that can hold their heads up among the new concepts.
Everyone is waiting for the third wave of inscriptions, and I am waiting too. However, when the third wave really comes, not all inscriptions will be revived together. Only the selected high-quality targets can ride the third wave. The selection here can be narrative, community, application, or even the strength of the dealer.
Inscriptions are a very new narrative, but in the fast-paced web3, a year is considered old, so we need to find something that can "survive".
When looking for investment targets, you should look for those that can survive among the old concepts, and those that can hold their heads up among the new concepts.
Everyone is waiting for the third wave of inscriptions, and I am waiting too. However, when the third wave really comes, not all inscriptions will be revived together. Only the selected high-quality targets can ride the third wave. The selection here can be narrative, community, application, or even the strength of the dealer.
Inscriptions are a very new narrative, but in the fast-paced web3, a year is considered old, so we need to find something that can "survive".
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[Repost - A more in-depth article]
How to understand the latest AVM virtual machine white paper released by @atomicalsxyz? In short: it is a way to simulate the Bitcoin virtual machine, so that the originally "stateless" Bitcoin main network can realize the ability to carry a smart contract system, and then complete the state recording and processing capabilities of more complex assets other than BTC assets, similar to Turing complete smart contracts. Next, I will share my understanding:
1) Bitcoin was originally designed as a peer-to-peer electronic cash system with a certain script script data storage capacity, some basic OP Codes operation codes, and a set of asset verification logic based on UTXO time locks and spending conditions.
Therefore, the Bitcoin network can achieve "stateless" asset management when recording and transmitting BTC assets. Due to the limitations of the UTXO minimalist model and predefined state conversion rules, this stateless model can only handle limited management of a single BTC asset.
If you try to add new assets to the Bitcoin network, such as BRC20, ARC20, Runes and other assets, you need a more complex dynamic "state machine" model to record the storage, transactions, state changes, etc. of these assets. How to achieve it?
One way is to use external protocols and layer2 second-layer solutions to build a "state machine" model off-chain to extend processing. Current excellent Bitcoin second-layer expansion solutions such as @NervosNetwork @RoochNetwork, and even Native solutions such as RGB and Lightning Network belong to this category;
Another way is to directly expand the function of the Script script to add new operations or storage space to handle the creation and transfer of complex assets. Solutions such as Covenant and OP_CAT that rely on BIP proposal standards to be passed belong to this category;
The above two methods are either too "active" and difficult to reach consensus in a short period of time, or too "passive" and there is great uncertainty. The AVM virtual machine provides a special processing solution that is between the two and directly builds a virtual machine execution environment on the Bitcoin main network.
2) How to do it? The main working principle of AVM includes three parts:
1. Bitcoin script simulation, which is actually the Bitcoin instruction set, realizes Turing complete properties through a dual-stack PDA (pressable storage automaton);
2. Sandbox operating environment. The entire simulator is in a controlled isolated environment, so that the execution in the sandbox and the execution outside the sandbox do not interfere with each other;
3. State hashing allows participants to verify whether the state of their indexer is correctly synchronized, preventing the potential attack of inconsistent state.
Simple understanding: AVM directly uses the current limited storage space of BTC and the OP Codes processing framework, and introduces a special encoding and decoding method (sandbox environment) in each BTC mainnet transaction.
This sandbox comes with an indexer, sandbox parser (instruction set), global Database, etc., which can independently complete the storage of a whole set of assets, transaction status records and other management, which is equivalent to a dynamic "state machine" built into the BTC mainnet, and then it can realize complex smart contract processing and state synchronization and verification.
3) With the AVM virtual machine, the Bitcoin mainnet can theoretically have basic smart contract operation functions, allowing Bitcoin to manage multiple complex assets and the possibility of landing complex state logic DApps, which is equivalent to giving the Bitcoin network a certain self-built ecological function.
This is certainly a great progress, at least it is the same level of BTC expansion capability innovation as RGB, Lightning Network and various excellent second-layer protocol processing solutions. It is even better than other solutions in terms of Native.
However, in my opinion, AVM relies on Bitcoin Script scripts for encoding storage and OP Codes for transaction execution, so it is generally limited by the performance of BTC's main network, such as: block storage space size, fast speed, etc.
Imagine that a DeFi project built on AVM can only process 7 transactions per minute, and it takes 10 minutes to wait between two state transitions. Even if such a smart contract is complete in theory, it is still bound by its hands and feet, and the scenarios and imagination space that can be implemented are very limited. Moreover, relying on the Bitcoin Script script instruction set to develop complex contract functions is more complicated and difficult than developing smart contracts in languages such as Ethereum Solidity.
Therefore, the AVM white paper only clarifies a built-in virtual machine execution method of Make Sense. How it is actually deployed online to the application environment and how it can run stably are still unknown.
Overall, I tend to regard the development and implementation of AVM as a beneficial and proactive exploration based on the extension of the BTC mainnet script. It can indeed drive the implementation of some simpler smart contracts on the BTC mainnet. At the same time, the Bitcoin mainnet can play a greater role and value in the construction of the second-layer ecosystem and the on-chain and off-chain combined ecosystems such as BitVM.
However, like other types of BTC expansion solutions, AVM also has advantages and disadvantages. It also depends on the ecological construction after implementation to expand its "orthodoxy" attraction. It is recommended to maintain a rational, cautious and optimistic attitude.
Note: The above content does not constitute investment advice. Friends who agree with my continuous input of valuable content can visit my Twitter homepage and click on the Substack column to subscribe (currently free). More in-depth and professional investment research and analysis content, especially content that is not suitable for public sharing on Twitter, will be seen there.
#avm #Quark #atomicals
Original link: https://x.com/tmel0211/status/1795344307173683283
How to understand the latest AVM virtual machine white paper released by @atomicalsxyz? In short: it is a way to simulate the Bitcoin virtual machine, so that the originally "stateless" Bitcoin main network can realize the ability to carry a smart contract system, and then complete the state recording and processing capabilities of more complex assets other than BTC assets, similar to Turing complete smart contracts. Next, I will share my understanding:
1) Bitcoin was originally designed as a peer-to-peer electronic cash system with a certain script script data storage capacity, some basic OP Codes operation codes, and a set of asset verification logic based on UTXO time locks and spending conditions.
Therefore, the Bitcoin network can achieve "stateless" asset management when recording and transmitting BTC assets. Due to the limitations of the UTXO minimalist model and predefined state conversion rules, this stateless model can only handle limited management of a single BTC asset.
If you try to add new assets to the Bitcoin network, such as BRC20, ARC20, Runes and other assets, you need a more complex dynamic "state machine" model to record the storage, transactions, state changes, etc. of these assets. How to achieve it?
One way is to use external protocols and layer2 second-layer solutions to build a "state machine" model off-chain to extend processing. Current excellent Bitcoin second-layer expansion solutions such as @NervosNetwork @RoochNetwork, and even Native solutions such as RGB and Lightning Network belong to this category;
Another way is to directly expand the function of the Script script to add new operations or storage space to handle the creation and transfer of complex assets. Solutions such as Covenant and OP_CAT that rely on BIP proposal standards to be passed belong to this category;
The above two methods are either too "active" and difficult to reach consensus in a short period of time, or too "passive" and there is great uncertainty. The AVM virtual machine provides a special processing solution that is between the two and directly builds a virtual machine execution environment on the Bitcoin main network.
2) How to do it? The main working principle of AVM includes three parts:
1. Bitcoin script simulation, which is actually the Bitcoin instruction set, realizes Turing complete properties through a dual-stack PDA (pressable storage automaton);
2. Sandbox operating environment. The entire simulator is in a controlled isolated environment, so that the execution in the sandbox and the execution outside the sandbox do not interfere with each other;
3. State hashing allows participants to verify whether the state of their indexer is correctly synchronized, preventing the potential attack of inconsistent state.
Simple understanding: AVM directly uses the current limited storage space of BTC and the OP Codes processing framework, and introduces a special encoding and decoding method (sandbox environment) in each BTC mainnet transaction.
This sandbox comes with an indexer, sandbox parser (instruction set), global Database, etc., which can independently complete the storage of a whole set of assets, transaction status records and other management, which is equivalent to a dynamic "state machine" built into the BTC mainnet, and then it can realize complex smart contract processing and state synchronization and verification.
3) With the AVM virtual machine, the Bitcoin mainnet can theoretically have basic smart contract operation functions, allowing Bitcoin to manage multiple complex assets and the possibility of landing complex state logic DApps, which is equivalent to giving the Bitcoin network a certain self-built ecological function.
This is certainly a great progress, at least it is the same level of BTC expansion capability innovation as RGB, Lightning Network and various excellent second-layer protocol processing solutions. It is even better than other solutions in terms of Native.
However, in my opinion, AVM relies on Bitcoin Script scripts for encoding storage and OP Codes for transaction execution, so it is generally limited by the performance of BTC's main network, such as: block storage space size, fast speed, etc.
Imagine that a DeFi project built on AVM can only process 7 transactions per minute, and it takes 10 minutes to wait between two state transitions. Even if such a smart contract is complete in theory, it is still bound by its hands and feet, and the scenarios and imagination space that can be implemented are very limited. Moreover, relying on the Bitcoin Script script instruction set to develop complex contract functions is more complicated and difficult than developing smart contracts in languages such as Ethereum Solidity.
Therefore, the AVM white paper only clarifies a built-in virtual machine execution method of Make Sense. How it is actually deployed online to the application environment and how it can run stably are still unknown.
Overall, I tend to regard the development and implementation of AVM as a beneficial and proactive exploration based on the extension of the BTC mainnet script. It can indeed drive the implementation of some simpler smart contracts on the BTC mainnet. At the same time, the Bitcoin mainnet can play a greater role and value in the construction of the second-layer ecosystem and the on-chain and off-chain combined ecosystems such as BitVM.
However, like other types of BTC expansion solutions, AVM also has advantages and disadvantages. It also depends on the ecological construction after implementation to expand its "orthodoxy" attraction. It is recommended to maintain a rational, cautious and optimistic attitude.
Note: The above content does not constitute investment advice. Friends who agree with my continuous input of valuable content can visit my Twitter homepage and click on the Substack column to subscribe (currently free). More in-depth and professional investment research and analysis content, especially content that is not suitable for public sharing on Twitter, will be seen there.
#avm #Quark #atomicals
Original link: https://x.com/tmel0211/status/1795344307173683283
See original
#avm White Paper
#atomicals #Quark
Chinese version: https://docs.wizz.cash/wizz-wallet/v/zh/avm-bai-pi-shu-zhong-wen-ban
English version: https://x.com/atomicalsxyz/status/1795180417919697036
#atomicals #Quark
Chinese version: https://docs.wizz.cash/wizz-wallet/v/zh/avm-bai-pi-shu-zhong-wen-ban
English version: https://x.com/atomicalsxyz/status/1795180417919697036
See original
avm white paper released, the Bitchain protocol enters the smart contract stage from the coin issuance stage #Quark #avm #Atomicals #atomicals #Arc20
Chinese version: https://docs.wizz.cash/wizz-wallet/v/zh/avm-bai-pi-shu-zhong-wen-ban
English version: https://github.com/atomicals/avm-whitepaper
Chinese version: https://docs.wizz.cash/wizz-wallet/v/zh/avm-bai-pi-shu-zhong-wen-ban
English version: https://github.com/atomicals/avm-whitepaper