Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin published an article titled "Don't Overload Ethereum's Consensus."
Vitalik Buterin said that the consensus of the Ethereum network is one of the most secure crypto-economic systems currently. Validators worth 18 million ETH (about 34 billion US dollars) complete a block every 6.4 minutes, running many different protocol implementations for redundancy. If the crypto-economic consensus fails, whether due to an error or an intentional 51% attack, a large community of thousands of developers and even more users will watch carefully to ensure that the chain recovers correctly. Once the chain recovers, the protocol rules ensure that attackers can be severely punished.
Vitalik Buterin said that he is against overloading external applications and protocols into the Ethereum consensus because it poses a high risk to the ecosystem. While reusing validators for other purposes is low-risk, trying to recruit Ethereum social consensus to achieve the application’s own purposes is high-risk and should be resisted.
Vitalik also suggested solutions that address these issues one by one, such as not completely decentralizing oracles based on cryptoeconomic principles or basing recovery operations on validator voting rather than relying on L1 consensus.
