The year 2024 has seen significant developments for cryptocurrencies and blockchain networks. Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) for Bitcoin and Ether have been launched in the US. Major protocol upgrades and new infrastructure networks have been introduced for altcoins.

Avalanche simplified the altnet creation process and significantly reduced costs with its “Avalanche 9000” Etna upgrade. Sui increased transaction efficiency by implementing the Mysticeti consensus engine. Sonic Labs launched Sonic Chain, compatible with Ethereum.

Ethereum’s Dencun upgrade reduced transaction fees on Layer-2 networks, but affected Layer-1 revenues. Cardano increased community engagement with on-chain governance. Near Protocol reduced validator requirements with Nightshade 2.0.

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