Quantum computing has been a hot topic in recent years, and the film produced by PanSci (One Hour to Understand Quantum Computers) guides viewers to explore the core technologies and future developments of quantum computers in an easy-to-understand manner. In just one hour, the film covers the operating principles of qubits, the application scenarios of quantum computing, and the current challenges faced by technology. Below are the key points and observations from this film, allowing us to understand this global quantum revolution.

How fast are quantum computers?

At the beginning of the film, a shocking case illustrates the computing power of quantum computers: Google's quantum computer Sycamore can complete a computing task that would take a traditional supercomputer 10,000 years in just 200 seconds, marking a milestone event known as 'quantum supremacy.' Unlike traditional computers that rely on binary calculations, quantum computers utilize 'quantum bits' (qubits) that can simultaneously represent a superposition of 0 and 1, allowing for more efficient computations. This non-linear, exponential growth in computing power shows unprecedented potential for quantum computers in solving complex problems.

Encryption technologies may be cracked in seconds

The film explains: 'The encryption in today's internet world is essentially integer factorization, using very difficult integer factorization problems to ensure that only those who know the answer can read the message. According to current common encryption rules, if one wants to crack this encryption, it requires solving the factorization of an extremely large number with over 600 digits, which would take traditional computers tens of millions of years or even billions of years. In contrast, Shor's Algorithm can solve it in about one minute or even within seconds.'

Core Technologies: Quantum Superposition and Quantum Entanglement

The film delves into the two cornerstone technologies behind quantum computing: quantum superposition and quantum entanglement. The superposition state allows qubits to represent multiple states simultaneously, thus enhancing information processing efficiency; while the entangled state enables related qubits to instantaneously affect each other's states, even when separated by large distances. This phenomenon gives quantum computers a decisive advantage in parallel computation.

For example, in the film, traditional computers are likened to mice that must try each path one by one in a maze; while quantum computers are like 'quantum cats' that can explore all paths simultaneously and directly find the exit, significantly reducing computation time.

Quantum Computer Applications Beyond Limits

The film further explores the practical applications of quantum computers, particularly their breakthrough potential in climate simulation, financial market analysis, and pharmaceutical research and development. For example, simulating molecular structures using quantum computing can greatly shorten the time for new drug development; in the financial sector, powerful parallel computations can simulate market dynamics and assist in investment decisions.

The two classic quantum algorithms mentioned are also noteworthy: Grover's algorithm and Shor's algorithm. The former can improve the search efficiency of unordered databases, while the latter demonstrates the ability to break traditional RSA encryption, highlighting the disruptive impact of quantum computing in the field of information security.

Challenges of Quantum Computers: Stability and Environmental Interference

The film also reveals the current challenges faced by quantum computers, particularly the issue of quantum decoherence. Due to the extreme sensitivity of quantum states to external environmental interference (such as electromagnetic waves or minute vibrations), the stability of qubits has become the biggest obstacle to developing quantum computers. Moreover, quantum computers need to operate in extremely low-temperature environments close to absolute zero, significantly increasing their operating costs and deployment difficulties.

The film points out that current quantum computers still need further breakthroughs in error rates and stability, especially in achieving long-term stable superposition and entanglement, which are core topics of current research.

Global Competition Intensifies: The 'Manhattan Project' of Quantum Technology

The film specifically mentions that quantum computers are seen as the high ground in the next generation of technological competition, with countries investing heavily in development. The US companies Google, IBM, and Microsoft, the EU's flagship quantum technology program, and China's 'Nine Chapters' quantum computer are all vying for 'quantum supremacy.' The film even likens the current research and development of quantum technology to the 'modern Manhattan Project,' indicating that countries or companies with quantum computers in the future may dominate international politics and economics.

The film also mentions that China has developed the superconducting quantum computer 'Origin Wu Kong' and a photon-based 'Nine Chapters' quantum computer, showcasing the potential of diverse technological routes.

Taiwan's Quantum Layout: From Semiconductors to Quantum Chips

In the global quantum competition, Taiwan has also shown a proactive attitude. The film specifically mentions that Taiwan's first quantum computer will be successfully developed by Academia Sinica in 2024, equipped with only 5 qubits, marking Taiwan's official entry into the quantum computing arena. With its technological advantage in semiconductor manufacturing, Taiwan has the potential to occupy a place in quantum chip manufacturing and application development.

The film points out that the future commercialization of quantum computers will involve challenges in materials science, process technology, and other areas, which are precisely Taiwan's specialties. If breakthroughs can be achieved in the field of quantum chips, Taiwan may become an important participant in the development of quantum technology.

The Future of Quantum Computers: Opportunities and Challenges

The film concludes on an optimistic yet rational note, pointing out that while quantum computers have immense potential, there is still a long way to go before full commercialization and widespread adoption. From hardware stability to software algorithm development, every aspect needs to overcome numerous technical challenges. However, the film also emphasizes that this quantum revolution has just begun, and each of us will be witnesses.

(One Hour to Understand Quantum Computers) is not only an easy-to-understand science popularization film but also a window to future technology. Through this film, we can not only understand the principles and applications of quantum computers but also feel the intensity of global technological competition and the shock of scientific breakthroughs. As quantum computing technology matures, it will not only change our technological ecosystem but also profoundly impact our daily lives.

This article (One Hour to Understand Quantum Computers): Takes you deep into the quantum revolution, first appeared in Chain News ABMedia.