1. Inheritance and optimization of models and consensus mechanisms:
- Continuation and upgrading of the UTXO model: CKB has adopted Bitcoin's UTXO (Unspent Transaction Output) model, which naturally provides good compatibility with the Bitcoin ecosystem. The UTXO model has unique advantages in transaction privacy, flexible transaction construction, and parallel processing to prevent double-spending. At the same time, CKB has optimized and upgraded it to the Cell model. The Cell model retains the purity of transactions of the Bitcoin UTXO model while providing data states similar to account models like Ethereum. Each Cell contains capacity (similar to UTXO balance) and data (which can store historical transaction states or any form of data), allowing CKB to accurately express balances and handle asset transfers, as well as include a series of complex smart contract states, expanding the applicability of the UTXO model.
- Adherence to the PoW consensus mechanism: Like Bitcoin, CKB adopts the PoW (Proof of Work) consensus mechanism. The decentralization and security brought by the PoW mechanism are its core advantages, effectively preventing malicious attacks and tampering with transaction records, ensuring the security and stability of the network. The consistency of this consensus mechanism makes it easier for CKB to be accepted and recognized by the Bitcoin community as Bitcoin Layer 2, and provides a reliable foundation for asset transfers and interactions between the two.
2. Innovation and flexibility of technical architecture:
- Layered architecture design: CKB features a unique dual-layer architecture. The bottom layer serves as the consensus layer, responsible for network security and consensus achievement; the upper layer serves as the computation layer, supporting smart contracts and various complex business logic. This layered design enables CKB to achieve high flexibility and scalability at the application layer while ensuring the security of the underlying layer. For Bitcoin Layer 2 application scenarios, the layered architecture can better meet different business needs, such as rapidly deploying various financial applications and gaming applications on Layer 2 without affecting the security of the Bitcoin mainnet.
- Powerful capabilities of the virtual machine: CKB has its own virtual machine (CKB VM), which has strong compatibility and scalability. It can run different virtual machine designs and smart contracts and can adapt to various blockchain model operation structures. This means developers can easily develop and deploy various applications on CKB, bringing rich application ecology and innovative possibilities to Bitcoin Layer 2.
3. Advantages of data processing and interoperability:
- OpenTransaction data format: CKB proposed the OpenTransaction data format, a highly flexible data processing method. It allows multiple participants to construct and aggregate different transactions at different times, with features such as partial construction, modification allowance, incremental building, and aggregation. In cross-chain scenarios, this data format can greatly enhance the cross-chain interoperability of the CKB chain; in complex DeFi transaction scenarios, users can flexibly adjust transaction conditions during contract execution, enriching the complexity handling capabilities of transactions and providing more possibilities for Bitcoin Layer 2 application scenarios.
- Efficient cross-chain interoperability: CKB is committed to breaking down barriers between blockchains and performs excellently in cross-chain interoperability. As a Layer 2 solution for Bitcoin, it enables seamless integration and transfer of assets between the Bitcoin mainnet and other blockchains, enhancing asset liquidity and usage efficiency. This is crucial for the development of the Bitcoin ecosystem, attracting more users and developers to participate in the construction of the Bitcoin ecosystem.
4. Potential for protocol extension and ecological construction:
- Advancement of the RGB++ protocol: The CKB team proposed the RGB++ protocol, which is an extension and improvement of the original RGB protocol. The RGB protocol is an asset protocol that utilizes Bitcoin's one-time sealing and client verification technology to bind transaction states off-chain through Bitcoin's UTXO model. RGB++ moves the smart components of the RGB protocol, such as P2P networks, virtual machines, smart contracts, etc., onto the CKB chain, making transaction verification and execution more efficient and secure. This not only addresses communication, coordination, and state maintenance issues encountered in off-chain client verification of the RGB protocol but also provides new technical solutions and ideas for the development of Bitcoin Layer 2.
- Active ecological construction: CKB has an active community and a strong developer team, providing strong support for its development as Bitcoin Layer 2. Community members actively participate in the ecological construction of CKB, continuously promoting technological innovation and application deployment. At the same time, the CKB team collaborates with multiple partners and projects to jointly explore application scenarios and development directions for Bitcoin Layer 2, contributing to the prosperity of the Bitcoin ecosystem.
