1. **Challenges of large-cap altcoins**:

Those altcoins with large market capitalizations may have experienced a period of rapid growth, and the current market enthusiasm may be waning, and there is a risk of being replaced by emerging projects. Historical examples include EOS, BCH, BSV, LUNA, and currently ADA, SOL, DOT, LINK, etc., which may gradually lose their advantages in future market competition. For these currencies, investors need to be vigilant.

2. **Risks of small-cap and unlisted altcoins**:

Although projects like SHIB have been successful in the previous "Dogcoin" craze, most altcoins with small market capitalizations and not listed on mainstream trading platforms tend to be short-term speculations, with very high risks and a greater possibility of being manipulated (cutting leeks). Instead of taking such risks, it is better to choose projects with more strength and development prospects, so that the chances of success will be higher.