Written by: Pzai, Foresight News

In the development of blockchain technology architecture, we have experienced the evolution from Bitcoin's UTXO model to Ethereum's smart contracts, deriving countless application scenarios based on this foundation. However, in the existing public chain ecosystem, interoperability issues between different architectures are becoming increasingly prominent. In response to this challenge, L1 public chain Supra has constructed a vertically integrated blockchain solution by providing a vertically integrated Layer 1 platform that embeds all key functions while employing 'tribe' and 'clan' hierarchical network models and a self-developed Moonshot consensus engine to enhance the system's resilience, security, and processing speed. This article analyzes from multiple perspectives how Supra provides innovative technological paths to address many challenges in the existing blockchain ecosystem.

Vertical Integration

In the existing blockchain ecosystem, many public chain design philosophies usually integrate consensus, data availability, and execution functions within the core network, leaving other infrastructures (such as oracles, cross-chain communication, on-chain randomness, etc.) to other protocols, which can lead to integration complexity, increased security risks, and higher development costs. Supra L1 adopts a vertically integrated approach, directly embedding key services such as oracles, cross-chain communication, automation, and on-chain randomness (VRF) within L1, allowing all services to share consistent security and avoiding delays and security issues in traditional cross-chain communication.

Supra Container: Efficient Combination and Diversified Ecology

Most existing blockchain applications have ecological dependencies and have certain limitations in multi-chain interoperability and liquidity access, with the independence of each application affected by execution and economic models, limiting the expansion of use cases within a single application. However, dApps built on the Supra chain can leverage containerization technology to fully utilize L2's resilience and flexibility while maintaining the independence of application chains. Within the containers, developers can customize governance and incentive models according to their needs and can leverage L1's liquidity advantage to improve transaction efficiency of applications. Additionally, Supra offers various vertically integrated services, such as automated networks and random number generators, which can help developers deploy applications faster and enhance their performance and security.

Regarding blockchain's underlying execution, there are various virtual machine solutions on the market, while Supra's Multi-VM design expands the platform's applicability. Currently, Supra supports multiple mainstream virtual machines, including MoveVM and EVM (with future support for Solana VM and Cosmos VM). Developers from different ecosystems can easily migrate their applications to Supra without needing to reprogram, while still benefiting from high throughput and low latency performance, enhancing interoperability between smart contracts.

Moonshot Consensus and Proof Mechanism

Currently, many L1s are striving to balance throughput and finality, while Supra's Moonshot consensus protocol is a random single-leader rotation protocol based on Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) mechanisms, improving transaction processing efficiency through parallelized workflows. This protocol employs a resilient design that can be adjusted based on different needs, achieving high throughput of 500,000 transactions per second and sub-second consensus latency. Moreover, Supra has rigorously verified the security of the Moonshot consensus protocol using formal verification methods to ensure its correctness and reliability.

The Moonshot Consensus Protocol adopts an optimistic proposal mechanism, meaning that when a node submits a block proposal, it assumes this proposal will be accepted and continues to send requests for the next block proposal. If other nodes agree with this proposal, it will be included in the next block. This way, nodes can directly enter the next consensus process in anticipation of a positive outcome, avoiding unnecessary waiting time. Additionally, since the transmission, ordering, and execution of transactions can be run in parallel, it can more effectively reduce processing time. This separation mechanism reduces the system's reliance on honest nodes, lowering the required proportion of honest nodes for consensus to a minimum.

'Tribe - Clan' Architecture: Hierarchical Node Management and Parallel Execution

'Tribe - Clan' Node Management Architecture employs a hierarchical and randomized approach to node management, where the tribe represents a collective of numerous large nodes, while the clan represents a randomly selected collection of small nodes within the tribe. Small nodes are randomly selected from within the tribe to form clans, ensuring that the Byzantine behavior risk at each layer is minimized, providing high resilience and robustness. Node resources are dynamically allocated based on demand, with different tasks assigned to different clans that can execute in parallel. This mechanism ensures that the Supra network can maintain normal operations even when Byzantine nodes are interfered with, improving multidimensional computing and execution efficiency, while the unique architecture enhances scalability and security through parallel execution at the network and node levels. The random node reshuffling set up in L1 ensures security, while VRF-based randomness increases resistance to targeted attacks.

Left: User Transaction Flow in Supra

Right: 'Tribe - Clan' Architecture

PoEL Economic Liquidity Proof Mechanism

PoEL (Proof of Economic Liquidity) is Supra's unique incentive mechanism, linking participants' capital risks with incentive mechanisms. It designs customized incentive methods based on the risk and purpose of capital to attract long-term capital investment in network construction. This mechanism supports various digital assets in liquidity pools, providing a more diverse source of capital and reducing the impact of asset volatility on network security through risk management measures.

At the same time, PoEL allows capital to earn staking rewards while providing liquidity in liquidity pools, enabling capital to be fully utilized across multiple scenarios and improving capital efficiency.

Team and Project Progress

The Supra team has a certain academic foundation, led by Dr. Aniket Kate, the inventor of KZG commitments and a cryptographer, who serves as the Chief Research Officer. KZG commitment technology plays a core role in Ethereum's scaling roadmap. Supra has just launched the MoveVM mainnet and will soon release the EVM version. Currently, Supra has launched over 50 dApps and is negotiating with more than 100 dApps, introduced a $100 million ecosystem fund, and launched a community-based project showcase event called Super dApp Showdown, where the community and VC judges will select winners each season, who will receive direct funding from the ecosystem fund.

Conclusion

In the competitive environment of the blockchain ecosystem, users and developers need to integrate certain aspects of the underlying architecture to access better services. In the current diversified blockchain ecosystem, interoperability and integration complexity between different public chains have become urgent issues to resolve. As a Layer 1 platform, Supra attempts to provide a solution with built-in key functionalities through vertical integration and supports multiple virtual machines (such as MoveVM and EVM), aiming to facilitate the migration of applications from different technology stacks onto its platform, offering developers a highly flexible and secure decentralized platform while maintaining good performance. In the future, Supra's technological innovations will bring more possibilities to developers, accelerating the application and development of various blockchain applications globally.