What is Ethereum 3.0 Beam Chain, and what problems does it aim to solve?

Ethereum 3.0 Beam Chain aims to redesign the consensus layer of Ethereum to address technical debt and enhance security. It integrates advancements like zero-knowledge proofs and post-quantum cryptography for improved performance and safety. Key goals include better MEV handling, reducing the validator staking requirement, and achieving single-slot finality. Despite challenges in technical complexity and community coordination, this upgrade is intended to support Ethereum's long-term sustainability.