According to Golden Finance, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin responded on social media that "all major L2 networks in the mainnet can technically steal user funds," saying that an important detail: Phase 1 rules require that the code can only be overturned if the security committee reaches a 75% voting threshold, and members who block the quorum (i.e. ≥26%) need to be from outside the company. Both Optimism and Arbitrum meet this requirement. Therefore, these organizations cannot unilaterally steal funds.