Zero-knowledge proof (ZK): Emphasis on verification rather than disclosure
Zero-knowledge proof (ZK) technology is dedicated to proving the authenticity of a statement without revealing any specific information. It is built on a solid cryptographic foundation and allows Alice to prove to Bob that she knows a secret without revealing any content of the secret. For example, Alice wants to prove to Bob, a car rental clerk, that she has a good credit, similar to the credit score of a bank or payment software. Using ZK, Alice can prove her credit score to Bob without revealing sensitive information such as account flow.
For example, in Zcash, Alice needs to remain anonymous when transferring money and prove that she has the right to transfer money to prevent double spending. Miner Bob can verify and chain the transaction without knowing Alice's identity
Multi-party secure computing (MPC): Calculation confidentiality rather than disclosure
Multi-party secure computing (MPC) technology allows multiple participants (such as Alice, Bob, and Carol) to complete computing tasks together without revealing their input data. Alice, Bob, and Carol want to calculate their average salary, but do not want to know the specific salary amount from each other. They can split their salaries into multiple parts, exchange some of the data, and calculate the average without exposing the specific salary information.
In the cryptocurrency industry, MPC wallets like Binance and Bybit simplify private key management and improve security and availability through distributed storage and access control technology.
Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE): Encryption and support outsourced computing
Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) technology allows data to be encrypted while being entrusted to an untrusted third party for complex calculations, and the results can still be decrypted after the calculation is completed. Alice wants to process medical records or personal financial information in a cloud computing environment. FHE technology can protect data privacy and comply with privacy regulations.
Mind Network uses FHE technology to solve problems in PoS networks, ensuring that individual nodes do not copy each other when verifying blocks, thereby improving the security and decentralization of the network. (Communication with Junyang): BNB 000789
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