The highest performance EVM L1 blockchain.
Understand Monad in 60 seconds
Reconstructed EVM
Redesigning EVM from scratch
Monad has redesigned Ethereum's consensus and execution systems in C++, achieving high performance while maintaining full compatibility with EVM bytecode and Ethereum RPC API.
How is Monad realized?
To address the bottlenecks in EVM execution and enhance blockchain scalability, Monad introduces a fully customized tech stack focused on parallel processing and efficient state management.
The following four key architectural innovations aim to address the limitations of existing Ethereum-compatible blockchains:
Optimistic Parallel Execution: Monad executes multiple transactions simultaneously, assuming the initial state remains consistent, thereby increasing throughput. Consistency is ensured by re-executing transactions with conflicting inputs.
MonadBFT Consensus Mechanism: A Byzantine Fault Tolerance consensus mechanism based on HotStuff, reducing the communication phase from three rounds to two rounds, advancing rounds with actual network latency to enhance performance. This consensus mechanism requires moderate hardware, making it easy for anyone to run a node.
Asynchronous Execution (Delayed Execution): By decoupling consensus from execution, Monad allows the entire block time to be used for transaction processing rather than interleaving execution during consensus, significantly increasing the network's computational bandwidth.
MonadDB Database: A custom state database optimized for EVM storage patterns. Unlike traditional databases, MonadDB stores Merkle Patricia Trie structures directly on disk, reducing overhead and enabling efficient parallel state access.
What is Monad?
The highest performance EVM L1 blockchain
Monad offers a critical combination of performance, portability, and decentralization.
High performance: Achieving 10,000 transactions per second (TPS), 1-second block time, and single-slot finality.
Portability: Monad is 100% EVM compatible.
Decentralization: Monad nodes have low hardware requirements to ensure the network remains decentralized.
Seamless onboarding, exceptional scalability
Monad is 100% EVM compatible, with gas fees nearly zero. You can use the same tools, applications, libraries, and address space, enjoying revolutionary performance improvements and reduced costs!
Why choose Monad?
Why develop on Monad
Achieving 1000 times Ethereum's performance in under 5 minutes: Monad is fully compatible with EVM and can quickly integrate with existing architectures.
The power of community support: We firmly believe that the community is the strongest engine for growth. Deploying on Monad allows you to leap from 0 to 1 in an instant.
Decentralization and anti-censorship: Security and decentralization are crucial. We never compromise these core values while ensuring high scalability.
Born for large-scale applications: Gas fees below one cent and high throughput mean that Monad can still handle your traffic needs comfortably as user growth accelerates.
The 'why' behind the design of Monad
Why Monad positions itself as an EVM public chain
Monad chooses a Layer-1 blockchain architecture to optimize various aspects of the entire tech stack, achieving the three core goals of decentralization, high performance, and low cost.
As a Layer-1 blockchain, it requires a Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) consensus mechanism that keeps globally distributed nodes in sync even when some nodes exhibit malicious behavior. The consensus mechanism allows nodes to check each other and collectively verify new blocks. While building Layer-2 is simpler in many ways, it has significant implications for the decentralization and anti-censorship of the blockchain.
As a Layer-1 blockchain, Monad can optimize and coordinate every aspect of the stack. Both the consensus and execution mechanisms (and the interaction logic between them) are built from the ground up.
For an in-depth discussion on this topic, see: Monad vs. Rollups
Why EVM compatibility is important
Monad embraces EVM compatibility because the Ethereum ecosystem has strong network effects. EVM is the mainstream smart contract standard, with most existing dApps, developer tools, and research focused in this environment, holding over 90% of on-chain capital. The EVM developer community possesses the strongest and most active talent in the blockchain space.
Monad allows developers to avoid choosing between performance and portability. Developers can build applications for Monad, enjoying the advantages of high performance and low costs while ensuring broad compatibility across most major ecosystems.
Why Monad is the best choice for large-scale applications
Architecturally, Monad focuses on native decentralization and scalability, ensuring it can unlock new possibilities for blockchain development. Monad's mission is to support large-scale decentralized applications with minimal hardware requirements while maintaining full compatibility with Ethereum. This dual focus—providing high performance and decentralization—will create new opportunities for dApp developers and set new standards for blockchain infrastructure.
The L1 design of Monad aims to address the core limitations of blockchain scalability while maintaining alignment with the Ethereum developer community and future research without sacrificing decentralization. This architecture provides a different path from Rollups, proving that foundational improvements to the L1 layer are also critical for scaling decentralized networks.
Community and large-scale applications
The community is a superpower
The community is a catalyst for large-scale applications
The core of decentralization is to return power to ordinary people, and the community is the superpower in the crypto space.
This is particularly evident in the Monad ecosystem. The Monad community is filled with passion, creativity, and vitality:
Monad Community Overview
Monad Meme Library
Monad Media Engine
Monad Discord
Community members serve as evangelists and early adopters, providing critical feedback and moral support to developers. The Monad community acts as a powerful growth engine, helping developers achieve the leap from 0 to 1.
Further reading: Community Marketing for Monad Native Applications
Community as a growth catalyst
Monad's strategy is simple and effective: the scale and engagement of the community directly drive the dissemination of information. Unlike traditional blockchain projects that treat marketing and community separately, Monad closely integrates the two, ensuring that every marketing campaign builds and nurtures the Monad community.
The advantages of Monad's community-centered model
Providing developers with an instant user base
Teams building on Monad can tap into a large and active user community eager to adopt new applications. This reduces the need for extensive external marketing, allowing developers to focus on creating impactful products.
Direct interaction without intermediaries
Monad enables application teams to interact directly with users, cultivating real relationships and enhancing user loyalty. This direct access simplifies the feedback process and accelerates product improvements.
Avoiding formalistic collaboration
Traditional joint marketing often involves superficial collaborations aimed at completing tasks rather than true engagement. Monad shifts the focus to meaningful community interactions, ensuring that collaborations deliver real value, not just symbolic gestures.
Why the success of Monad is inevitable
Breaking the blockchain trilemma
One of the main challenges in the blockchain space is achieving scalability without sacrificing security or decentralization. Current EVM-compatible blockchains (including Ethereum) have limitations in transaction throughput and state access, failing to meet the demands of future large-scale global applications.
Focus on convenient access to developer talent
Monad's commitment to EVM compatibility is a strategic advantage that cannot be overlooked. The vast majority of blockchain developers are already familiar with Solidity and the EVM ecosystem. By ensuring seamless onboarding, Monad lowers the entry barrier for developers while fostering a strong, talented, and active developer community. This compatibility accelerates the migration of existing dApps to Monad, enhancing the network's utility and adoption rate.
Learn from historical experience and pave new paths
In early blockchain projects, Solana chose to completely rebuild its underlying architecture in pursuit of high performance. Monad Labs, while learning from these experiences, has taken a different path: innovating breakthroughs while ensuring compatibility with existing standards. This balance allows Monad to enhance performance while fully retaining the advantages of the EVM-based ecosystem, providing a more pragmatic and scalable solution for the large-scale application of blockchain technology.
Documentation and technical discussion
While the Monad Wiki provides a quick overview of Monad, we strongly recommend that all developers consult and explore the technical documentation and discussions for a deeper understanding.
Monad Docs Chinese Version
Learn more:
Monad Wiki Chinese Version
Monad Official Website
Monad Twitter