OG TALK, the early story of Ethereum and its future development.
At the 2023 Hong Kong Web3 Carnival, participants and supporters of the early Ethereum Chinese community, such as Distributed Capital, Wanxiang Blockchain, SNZ, imToken and Cancer, talked about the "China story" at the beginning of Ethereum. They also put forward their own suggestions for the future development of Ethereum, such as modularity, user experience, storage, Asian developer community, etc.
host:
Ross Zhang (SNZ Managing Partner)
Roundtable guests:
Jerry Liu (Co-founder of Waterdrop Capital)
Du Yu (Head of Wanxiang Blockchain Lab)
Ben He (Founder and CEO of imToken)
Roland Sun (General Counsel of Distributed Capital)
Ross Zhang: Thank you all for coming to the Ethereum session this morning. I know there have been many activities around recently. Today, we invited some of the earliest OGs of Ethereum to share some interesting early stories about Ethereum and allow everyone to understand its development.
Let me introduce myself. I am Ross, a managing partner at SNZ. SNZ was one of the earliest investors and supporters of Ethereum in 2014 and 2015, organizing many early community activities for Ethereum. As a VC fund, we have always strongly supported the development of the Ethereum ecosystem. We were also early investors and supporters of Arbitrum. I would like to invite guests to introduce themselves.
Jerry Liu: Hello everyone! I am Jerry, but in the community, everyone is more accustomed to calling me 'Cancer'. I am a founding partner of Waterdrop Capital and have also participated in some crypto projects relatively early on.
Du Yu: Hello everyone! I am Du Yu from Wanxiang Blockchain Lab, and I am also the organizer of this event. Thank you for coming here on a Saturday morning after a long week.
Wanxiang Blockchain Lab can be considered one of the earliest Ethereum supporters in Asia and China. We began researching blockchain in 2014 and officially established a blockchain lab in 2015 to promote the development of the blockchain and Web3 industry in Asia. We were also one of the earliest supporters of the Ethereum ecosystem.
Ben He: Hello everyone! I am Ben, the founder of imToken. I personally saw the Ethereum white paper in 2014 and dove headlong into the blockchain ecosystem. I consider myself lucky.
In 2015, I participated in a hackathon organized by Wanxiang Lab at Deloitte's building in Shanghai, which gave birth to the imToken wallet. From the beginning, imToken was rooted in the Ethereum ecosystem, making it the first Ethereum-friendly mobile wallet in Asia. It has developed well over the past seven years, with 15 million users and a distributed team.
You will see that today we are talking about Web3, which originated from Ethereum. Gavin Wood, the author of the Ethereum white paper, wrote corresponding research articles on Web3 very early on. I am very happy to be here to share and communicate with everyone, discussing the development history of Ethereum in the past and its future development direction.
Roland Sun: Hello everyone! I am Roland, the general counsel of Distributed Capital. Distributed Capital was co-founded in 2015 by Vitalik, Wanxiang's Xiao Feng, and Shen Bo, and is one of the earliest blockchain investment institutions in the Asia-Pacific region as well as one of the earliest investment institutions for Ethereum. We have witnessed the historical development of Ethereum over the years and are very happy to have the opportunity to share our experiences with everyone. Thank you!
Ross Zhang: Thank you all for your self-introductions. This roundtable is essentially a gathering of old friends from the early days of Ethereum, where many interesting things happened. First, I would like to invite Cancer to introduce himself. Why invite him first? Because Cancer participated in the translation of the Ethereum white paper, and the Chinese name for Ethereum was also his ingenious idea.
Jerry Liu: The time traces back to the first half of 2015, when blockchain was still in its very early stages, and there were very few people paying attention to this field. However, in Shanghai, some friends were frequently discussing in the field, organizing meetups, talking about these matters, and often writing articles in early media—such as Babita.
At that time, there were very few projects in the community. I remember that the exchanges basically only had Bitcoin, Litecoin, BTS, and other projects. I was quite involved in the BitShares project, and Teacher Shen Bo was also paying close attention to it.
One day in February 2015, Teacher Shen Bo found me and asked if I could translate the Ethereum white paper. Perhaps I had often posted articles on Babita, and he thought my writing was good, so he approached me to do this.
Back then, I was also part of an organization called 'Bitcoin Startup Camp', which included Dahong Fei and the founder of SNZ, Guru. Therefore, I contacted Guru to work together on the translation of the white paper, and later we completed this task.
A photo of active members of the Bitcoin Startup Camp with V God
The topic of Ethereum's Chinese name has also become a subject of much discussion later. At that time, I didn't think so much about why it was translated into this name. 'ETHER' translates well to '以太', but what to translate 'EUM' as? The root meaning originally refers to a factory, and I think Vitalik named it Ethereum to serve as a smart contract factory, doing many customized things.
At that time, I thought I couldn't translate it as 'Ethereum Factory'. What word should I choose? The character '坊' in Chinese means factory or workshop and should closely match the original meaning of Ethereum, so it was finally decided to name it 'Ethereum'. This is the initial basic story.
At that time, during the early development of the industry, not many people were paying attention to the Ethereum project when it first emerged. There was another member of the Bitcoin team who was from Canada and had some connections with Vitalik. He invited Vitalik to China for exchanges, visiting Hangzhou, Shenzhen, and Shanghai for various activities, but the response was not particularly enthusiastic at the time.
I remember when sharing in a café in Hangzhou, the audience's main reaction was that they couldn't quite understand and didn't know what was being discussed. After Vitalik toured Hangzhou and Shenzhen, he felt that there seemed to be nothing particularly interesting in China apart from exchanges and mining.
That was roughly the situation back then. I would also like other guests to share their experiences of early stories, and we can share more content later.
Ross Zhang: Thank you very much, Cancer. Next, I would like to invite Du Yu.
Du Yu: Actually, I also entered the blockchain industry by starting to read (the Ethereum white paper). I started by lazily reading the Chinese version translated by Cancer, and after finishing the Chinese version, I read the English version.
In 2014, 2015, and 2016, I had a personal view that Ethereum was the one that truly brought blockchain into the mainstream. Before, everyone talked about Bitcoin, thinking it was just a simple financial application for payments, used like gold. However, the smart contracts on Ethereum allowed more people to see the true effects of blockchain technology and DLT.
I have always felt that without Ethereum, there would be no today's Web3 blockchain ecosystem. In 2014, we invited Vitalik to a financial forum held in Hainan. The most valuable thing Wanxiang Lab did from this perspective was that we were the first in Asia, even globally, to bring Ethereum into mainstream institutions.
On one hand, we were the first large company to support the Ethereum Foundation, contributing $500,000 to Ethereum in 2015 when it was at its most difficult time. A traditional Chinese company was willing to support Ethereum, which also brought more confidence to the entire community.
On the other hand, we saw the various possibilities that Ethereum could bring in the future, so we took Vitalik to meet various financial institutions and government departments in Asia, helping everyone better understand what blockchain is and how it differs from Bitcoin. At that time, when people mentioned blockchain, they first thought of Bitcoin, and associated it with more negative information. We hoped to let everyone see the future application scenarios brought by blockchain technology and smart contract technology through Ethereum's new architecture.
Looking back at everything, many interesting things were done, but at that point in time, the most important thing was that besides the community knowing about Ethereum and supporting it, we brought Ethereum into the mainstream and regulatory view.
Looking back, even in the mainland of China, which has the strictest regulations on blockchain and crypto, everyone, whether from regulatory bodies, financial institutions, or enterprises, has always held a very positive attitude towards Ethereum over the years. This is also the most important result of the efforts made together with everyone present at that time.
Ben He: I want to share some interesting memories. I believe there are imToken users present. imToken submitted the first BETA version for iOS on November 11, 2016, and I believe relevant users are also in the audience.
Earlier, we talked about the white paper. Before seeing Ethereum, I was working in the IT industry focusing on technology and products. I had seen Bitcoin very early on and tried to receive Bitcoin using its client, but I had many misunderstandings and doubts about digital currency and did not deeply engage.
It wasn't until 2014 that I saw the Ethereum white paper, which mentioned that through blockchain technology, various decentralized applications could be built on top of smart contracts, like DAPPs. I was then moved by such a narrative at that moment.
Looking back, most of the decentralized applications mentioned in the white paper have already been realized. For example, token types—whether it’s ICO issuing tokens or various project parties using tokens for fundraising and airdrops—tokens are crucial applications that were validated during the early ICO boom in 2017.
In 2018 and 2019, the application deepened with decentralized applications in DeFi. Now DeFi is particularly popular, with fully validated use cases, including decentralized markets and decentralized storage. The previously mentioned smart contract wallets and AA accounts were all described in the vision of the white paper.
Looking back at the insights provided by the white paper, the future vision described has all been realized, imToken designed its product in 2016, and the thought process behind product design at that time was also aimed at realizing this vision. In the early startup phase, it was towards the scenarios depicted in the Ethereum white paper, hoping to integrate technology into products to meet user needs.
Looking back, all these things have happened, and the potential of the Ethereum platform is limitless. Today, we see so many entrepreneurs rushing in, and the policies and capital are nurturing this soil. I am very confident in witnessing the explosive growth of the entire blockchain ecosystem.
Ross Zhang: I want to emphasize that imToken was the first mobile wallet I used, and I also saw the earliest version of imToken. I feel very emotional watching the product grow. Next, I would like to invite Roland.
Roland Sun: Let me share an interesting story from the past. Ethereum was first brought to China by Shen Bo. In 2014, Shen Bo told me about Ethereum, and I still didn't understand what the Ethereum project was about because the concept was too new.
In the first half of 2015, in February or March, Shen Bo took Vitalik to meet Xiao Feng for the first time. Coincidentally, why did he bring Vitalik to meet Xiao? Although Ethereum had not yet emerged, Xiao had already expressed very profound insights about blockchain in early 2015. It was hard to imagine at the time, as Xiao came from a traditional financial background and was not a technical expert. Initially, he was involved in Bitcoin investment and was the founder of Bosera Fund.
Shen Bo and V God
At that time, Shen Bo was very impressed after reading an article by Xiao, and immediately took Vitalik to find various opportunities to meet Xiao. The first time the three of them met at the airport, they talked very well; later, they began to have deeper interactions. In 2015, at least two important things were done, one of which was mentioned by Du Yu—Wanxiang Lab invested $500,000 in Ethereum, solving an important funding problem for Ethereum.
The other three people organized and established Fenbushi Capital, all three of whom are founding partners. Due to international reasons, Xiao mainly operates domestically, while Shen Bo and Vitalik mainly operate abroad. Their business regions are quite different, but they basically use the same brand.
In 2015, Wanxiang organized the first Chinese blockchain conference domestically, which should now be the eighth year. It has not been easy; since then, blockchain has entered the mainstream world in China. Looking back at Ethereum itself, not many people understood this project in 2015. Shen Bo was still the CEO of BitShares at that time, and Cancer was the one who studied BitShares the most deeply in China.
At that time, we were internally discussing these two projects, BitShares and Ethereum. Both projects have revolutionary significance, but from that perspective, comparing the two seemed a bit strange. BitShares was inherently binding the blockchain and applications together, as it had already set up a series of applications that were quite innovative, creating the earliest decentralized stablecoins and Oracle models, which were very revolutionary.
However, all the apps are developed by the founders themselves, and they are on a blockchain that is not very open in a strict sense, specifically serving their own apps, leading to the DAPPs above being tightly bound to their own blockchain and belonging to an exclusive relationship, which is relatively traditional.
Ethereum is completely the opposite; Ethereum itself has no applications. The Ethereum Foundation itself does not develop any applications but provides infrastructure. I position myself as a smart contract platform where all DAPPs are third-party developed and deployed, with no permissions required, similar to Android—Google developed the open-source Android operating system, but it does not develop any apps itself, allowing all third parties to develop, which is very revolutionary.
From that perspective, BitShares was moving a bit faster, because on the first day Blockchain was launched, DAPPs on BitShares were already deployed and usable. In 2015, I also discussed this issue with Shen Bo, who always wanted to create a decentralized exchange. By 2015, the decentralized exchange on BitShares had already started being used. I remember that during BitShares 2.0, the TPS efficiency was already not low and was basically usable. During 1.0, it might have been a bit slower, but in 2015 Ethereum did not have a particularly complete foundational platform, let alone various DAPPs existing on top.
I remember Shen Bo often asked Vitalik when there would be a high TPS platform to develop DAPPs, so he could create a DEX. Vitalik replied that it might take a few years to complete sharding, as the main solution considered at the time was sharding, but state sharding is a massive process. In 2015, Vitalik said it would take 4 to 5 years, but Shen Bo said he really couldn't wait that long and wanted to operate a decentralized exchange now.
Although Ethereum's chosen solution later was not sharding, but rather Rollup, because Vitalik changed it several times in between, he eventually felt that Rollup was the better solution. When Rollup had not yet emerged, DEXs technology had already started, and DeFi, represented by DEXs, had already risen, roughly around 2019, matching the concepts of that time, simply put.
Ross Zhang: The stories shared earlier were from Asia. I would like to briefly share from the other side of the world, from the birthplace of Ethereum in Canada.
As we know, Vitalik is Canadian, and Ethereum originated in Toronto, Canada. In 2015, I noticed that some people began discussing it. I studied computer science and was relatively sensitive to technology, but by then, I was already working on investments at a Canadian pension fund. This gave me a very unique experience, providing me with two different perspectives.
I saw that there were early Ethereum supporters in Toronto who organized the earliest Ethereum meetup, where co-founders of Ethereum like Vitalik, Gavin Wood, Joseph Lubin, Anthony Dilorio, and early members of the Ethereum community participated, as well as Web2 enthusiasts and geeks at that meetup.
At that time, I didn't quite understand; I felt that from a technical perspective, this matter was still very early. Whether in development or operation, it was particularly slow. People wondered if this could really succeed.
At that time, I was at a Canadian pension fund. I felt that this made a lot of sense because I could see the changes in the financial world, especially in improving capital efficiency and trust status. So, I established a blockchain research group within the Canadian pension fund. Initially, there were 10 people, and by the time I left, it had grown to about 100 people.
At that time, we invited Vitalik and Joseph Lubin to speak about what smart contracts are, what they are used for, and what Ethereum is about, and what projects there are on Ethereum. We were among the earliest to pay attention to Ethereum and share early stories from the birthplace of Ethereum in Canada.
As we know, Ethereum completed the Shanghai upgrade on the morning of April 13 (Beijing time). In the process of Ethereum's development, what important milestones do you think there are, especially how do you view Ethereum's development after the Shanghai upgrade?
Jerry Liu: Speaking of milestones in the development of Ethereum, I can't recall specific dates, but I remember a few key nodes.
The first node was the time the mainnet went live, which was around July 2015. At that time, Gavin Wood created the EVM single-handedly and customized the Ethereum standard. No one expected that EVM would later become almost the industry standard. Everyone was amazed that smart contracts could indeed be realized.
The second node is the ICO boom, where everyone discovered they could issue assets on Ethereum and raise funds this way. Many projects emerged at that time, and while many were speculative and bubbles, many truly long-term projects focused on innovation in the industry have survived.
The third node, early NFT practices, including the well-known 'CryptoKitties' project, allowed everyone to see another potential for assets. Before this, what everyone often traded were homogeneous assets, but CryptoKitties opened the possibility of non-homogeneous assets, opening a larger window for human finance.
The fourth node is DeFi Summer, where a large number of decentralized finance practices began. Of course, some of these practices, like farming, do not seem sustainable now, but many financial business models have been proven viable and preserved. For example, collateral lending and AMM model decentralized exchanges have become standardized components in the industry.
The road continues to unfold ahead, and I believe more financial business models will continue to be discovered and sustained, bringing more possibilities to human financial practices.
The fifth node, Merge, has been postponed countless times. I did not expect it to be so smooth when it was completed last time. It can be said that for many Ethereum fans, a stone in their hearts has really been put down, and everyone can forget their past worries and see further ahead.
The biggest significance of this Shanghai upgrade is to improve liquidity, and it can even be said that it has created a new track for LSD, allowing Ethereum staking and collateral businesses to grow into a track comparable to Bitcoin mining. This is my basic view.
Ross Zhang: Thank you, Cancer. One point that struck me was that in the early days, no one thought Ethereum would progress from its early, primitive, and slow-running state, but according to the roadmap, each milestone was achieved step by step. There were many significant transitions in the process, with tens of millions of dollars in assets running on it, and it could still achieve such smoothness. This is the result of the joint efforts of the entire Ethereum community and developers.
Du Yu: The goal written in the Ethereum white paper is 'to become a world computer,' but today, Ethereum is not a world computer; it has become financial infrastructure. Over the years, it has become an important financial infrastructure in the Web3 world. From another angle, the most crucial nodes are the emergence of various new asset protocols.
From the earliest ERC20, where issuing tokens required setting up a chain, which had a high threshold, to having ERC20, where everyone can issue their tokens within minutes, followed by ERC721, representing more non-standard assets in the world, and extending to the series of asset protocols like 1155, these are the most important infrastructures in the history of Ethereum's development.
Today, Ethereum is developing through different stages. In the past few years, it focused more on asset protocol infrastructure, while in the past couple of years, it has turned into financial infrastructure with many tools already in place. However, there are still performance and cost issues. Therefore, today's trend is how to allow various Layer2 and Layer3 solutions to carry larger scale applications. Different stages have different focal points and missions.
Ben He: Let’s briefly review Ethereum's development roadmap. From Ethereum's early days, we all know there were initially four planned phases. The first phase went live around July 2015 as the BETA network. The second phase officially launched on March 14, 2016, as the official public release version. The third phase involved the explosion of DAPP applications and DeFi, leading to the flourishing development of the ecosystem.
Now entering the fourth phase, Ethereum has undergone many adjustments centered around two lines. One line is how to transition from PoW consensus to PoS. Last year's Merge confirmed that Ethereum has entered the PoS phase. The Shanghai fork on April 13 allowed everyone to freely withdraw based on staking. This is an evolution around the consensus protocol, from the emergence of Ethereum's ideas and the birth of the white paper to the overall roadmap, which has basically remained unchanged. It’s just that the time spent along the way has been very long, with many delays and the 'bomb' being defused multiple times, postponing the state numerous times.
The second line is focused on scalability, starting from state sharding to later Vitalik mentioning scaling through Rollup's vertical route. The first line achieved a milestone state where PoS entered a stable state, running close to a year. The future development of Ethereum's roadmap will focus on applications, guided by Rollup. After the Merge, Ethereum is in The Search, exploring how to create better, low-cost, and stronger scalability for Rollup through protocol upgrades.
This is very important for imToken because wallet services to applications are crucial for a wide range of users. Scalability is essential to bring blockchain and Web3 to households and ordinary people. I am very much looking forward to Ethereum's development in the upcoming roadmap to continue achieving low-cost, high-performance scaling to reach the throughput of traditional Web2 internet.
User experience is also important. For example, the protocol layer promotes AA abstract accounts, focusing on how to lower barriers for users and reduce security risks. For the protocol layer to pave the way for the application layer, for wallets, it is actively exploring how to improve user experience on top of these protocol improvements, to lower the user threshold and enhance experience, enabling people to use it with peace of mind and security, while carrying an increasingly rich ecological application.
Ross Zhang: Thank you, Ben. Ben just mentioned a very old term, 'tranquility', which was actually part of the planning when the Ethereum white paper first started. Later, people began to talk about Ethereum 2.0, and now we are discussing the new roadmap of Ethereum, including Merge, Verge, Purge, and Splurge. We can see that the roadmap is becoming more detailed and is being adjusted based on technological development.
Due to time constraints, I have one last question I would like everyone to share together: stepping out of the Ethereum ecosystem, as OGs in the blockchain crypto industry, do the guests have anything they would like to share with everyone? Feel free to do a brief sharing.
Roland Sun: I personally feel that studying blockchain cannot be separated from Ethereum. Ethereum provides the development paradigm for the current blockchain industry. Many other projects are learning from Ethereum to varying degrees. Although they have their characteristics, under the overall framework, the blockchain industry has not yet surpassed Ethereum to reach the next generation. It hasn't happened yet, but perhaps it will in the future.
How will Ethereum develop next? What will there be in the next blockchain phase? I now see that some development directions may exist. Currently, Ethereum's early scaling plan primarily aimed to push the sharding solution, but it has now switched to promoting the Rollup solution, which is more realistic, including OP Rollup and ZK Rollup represented by Arbitrum, which might mature in the next year or two. Moreover, the efficiency is relatively high; most DAPPs consider deploying on Rollup because it is efficient and low-cost.
The main issue for Ethereum going forward is how to solve the relationship between the main chain and Rollups, particularly who will capture the value. Ethereum may consider this issue next. Currently, Rollups basically pay gas fees to the main chain in a one-time package, saving a lot of gas fees for the DAPPs themselves, but in the future, how to distribute benefits between the two is a significant issue.
From another perspective, many are also studying the modular issues of blockchain. The partner from ConsenSys mentioned the issues of Blockchain and Merged Blockchain. The original thought was to explore another dimension of capacity expansion, outsourcing state issues separately to create a decentralized network. This is also a current possibility, outsourcing the Ethereum state to create an independent network.
Rollup's current business model requires codata, which is to obtain data from the main chain. However, Ethereum's gas costs are relatively high. Theoretically, in the future, there may be a separate network requesting data specifically for state provision because this would lower costs. This would modularize the blockchain from another dimension, and there may still be many modularized things in the future, including sorters, which are also important and have a significant relationship with MEV.
Including the current unresolved storage issue in Ethereum; currently, Ethereum lacks a storage network, and all on-chain data is not defined as storage. However, the data in the entire network world is far greater than the few hundred G of data on the Ethereum chain, which is not comparable. Web3 will essentially integrate all internet data in the future, and a decentralized storage network is also necessary. It doesn't necessarily have to be done by Ethereum itself, as many decentralized networks already exist.
In the future, how all chains and Rollups operating businesses will access data from decentralized storage networks will also be a significant topic of thought, but there is no clear answer yet.
Ben He: As mentioned earlier, at the application layer, what users care most about is how comfortable and secure the experience is. Looking back at the blockchain's 'impossible triangle', security, decentralization, and scalability are the main points; scalability is a problem currently being solved. As industry builders, users need to be a bit more patient, first firmly ensuring security and decentralization, and then exploring how to achieve further breakthroughs in scalability. I hope everyone can be more patient; wonderful things will eventually happen.
Du Yu: The first point is that Ethereum's modularization is particularly good. I originally studied communications, and if you look at the internet protocol stack, it is also a stack of protocols. In the future, Ethereum will be akin to the HTTP and IP protocol stack, where everyone is part of the protocol layer. In a way, Ethereum will be a crucial piece of infrastructure in the Web3 world, where everyone will interact with Ethereum, whether through layer2 or various protocols in Web3.
Secondly, the voices of developer and builder communities in Asia within Web3 and Ethereum are becoming quieter. We hope to attract more good developers into Web3 through events in Hong Kong. China and the U.S. have the most excellent developers in the world, and we have a complete talent training and education system. We hope to bring more good talent and builders into the Web3 and Ethereum ecosystem to accelerate the arrival of a better future.
Jerry Liu: I want to emphasize the impact of blockchain technology on the financial system in my view. Vitalik once wrote an article analyzing the importance of various ecosystems of ETH, many of which are related to the financial system, discussing the general currency ecology, stablecoin ecology, and DeFi ecology.
What is ecology in a general sense? Just like gold in the traditional financial world, the People's Bank of China has been purchasing a lot of gold over the past six months. In the current traditional financial world, gold is still the foundational asset of the financial system. In the crypto world, assets like BTC and ETH can also be seen as foundational assets in this world, supporting the structure of crypto finance. Stablecoins are assets that can be used by ordinary people, which are relatively safe and come with fewer concerns.
Currently, discussing stablecoins is still in a relatively early stage because the biggest problem is that the stablecoins mentioned still rely on fiat currencies and need to be pegged to the dollar. This means they are still very closely linked to traditional finance in many ways.
I believe that in the future, stablecoins that do not rely on fiat currencies will emerge, and the dependence on traditional finance will be minimized. For example, the dollar—Americans often say that the dollar is our currency, but that is your problem. I believe that in the future, the crypto world may create such a stablecoin that does not rely on the credit of any entity. I think when that time comes, the impact of the crypto world and blockchain technology on finance will deepen further.
The development of DeFi is gradually advancing towards the path of financial disintermediation and self-custody. In the Web3 world, there are many DAO organizations, one of which is a large organization called Bankless Dao, which aims to ensure that everyone's future transactions do not rely on banks. I believe this vision should be realized in the future, and blockchain technology will ultimately bring everyone a world that is freer, more disintermediated, and where people are responsible for the safety of their own assets.
Ross Zhang: Thank you, Cancer. One point he just mentioned is the blockchain native asset, which is called 'Ultrasound Asset' in the Ethereum community. I also agree with Roland's point just made; discussing blockchain cannot be separated from Ethereum. I have personally experienced several cycles—what divides must unite, and what unites must divide. Everyone sees the problems with Ethereum and does other things to solve them, but in the end, they might return to Ethereum. This is my biggest feeling. Due to time constraints, I would like to thank all OGs for their sharing and everyone for listening.
