Golden Finance reported that Andre Cronje, CTO of Sonic Labs, wrote: "L2 as an application chain is illogical for developers: There is almost no infrastructure support for deployment (such as stablecoins, oracles, and institutional custody, etc.); There is no foundation or laboratory to help; The centralized architecture is vulnerable to attacks; Dispersed liquidity and forced to pass through cross-chain bridges; Lack of user and developer communities; Spending time on dealing with the above problems instead of applications and users; Eliminating network effects; Still requires a long transaction confirmation time (some suppliers are reluctant to cooperate with it); Developed alone (no cooperative team). The application chain also seriously underestimated the cost of infrastructure and compliance (browsers, hosting, trading platforms, oracles, bridges, toolkits, IDEs, on/off ramps, native issuance and integration, supervision, compliance). $14 million has been spent in 2024 alone, a large part of which is recurring costs."