The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) has charged DeFi protocols Opyn, ZeroEx and Deridex for illegal derivatives trading and operating without a license.

The regulator accuses them of “using blockchain-based protocols and smart contracts to operate as trading platforms.”

The commission also accused the companies of illegally offering retail commodity transactions and leveraged margin transactions represented in digital archives, the document said.

Opyn, ZeroEx and Deridex will have to pay fines of $250 thousand, $200 thousand and $100 thousand, respectively. All three companies agreed to these terms to resolve the agency's claims.