Recently, more and more second-layer projects have chosen to use Bitcoin itself as a solution for Bitcoin's second-layer expansion, a bit like what Liquid did. This is an interesting trend.

What many new Crypto people don't know is that the Lightning Network is actually an important compensation plan supported by small block supporters during the dispute between large and small blocks. In other words, the reason why you need to rely heavily on such an offline channel solution is largely due to the small block space and slow block time of Bitcoin. If we have a Bitcoin native second-layer network with richer programming primitives, faster block generation and larger block space, then we can actually take another evolutionary path.

For example: zero-confirmation payment that can prevent double-spending attacks. Zero-confirmation payment means that when A transfers money to B, but A's transaction has not been packaged into the block, we can confirm A's transaction. If it can be confirmed, does it also achieve instant payment like the Lightning Network?

Then we only need to make the signature algorithm similar to the mechanism of leaking when the same private key is issued twice. This approach is similar to the technology used by Babylon now. In a network with a small range of transaction dissemination and block capacity allowed, this approach is very interesting.