Wu said that Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin published an article titled "In-depth slot-and-epoch architecture, providing Ethereum users with a faster transaction confirmation time". In the article, Buterin introduced the practical options explored by Ethereum to speed up transaction confirmation, focusing on single-slot finality in existing technologies. Currently, Ethereum's Gasper consensus mechanism adopts a slot-and-epoch architecture, but this mechanism is complex and the finality confirmation time is too long (12.8 minutes). SSF uses a mechanism similar to Tendermint to terminate the block before the next block is generated, while retaining the "inactive leakage" mechanism to ensure the stable operation and recovery ability of the chain. In addition, the paper also explores rollup pre-confirmation and pre-confirmation-based mechanisms. Buterin emphasized that the slot-and-epoch architecture is obviously correct, but not all slot-and-epoch architectures are equal. He advocates a more comprehensive exploration of the design space, especially those options with stronger separation of concerns between the two mechanisms, to reduce transaction confirmation time and improve user experience. The