Using the Proof of Credit (PoC) consensus method (dPoS plus credit rating) for mining via staking, NULS is a blockchain project driven by microservices. NULSTAR, a microservices-based framework, is a part of the NULS modular architecture. It is said to provide enterprise-grade blockchain solutions for smart contracts, private chains, public chains, decentralized applications (dApps), and NRC-20 tokenization. In July of 2018, the mainnet for NULS 1.0 was released. Chain Factory is NULS's flagship product; it's a chain-building tool that lets organizations use any of the modules available in the NULS Module Repository, including cross-chain consensus for the circulation of asset value, with a simple plug-and-play setup.
The breakdown of a typical Blockchain entails several components, including a ledger, smart contracts, accounts, storage, and consensus mechanisms. The modular components inside the NULS system are recognized as fundamental elements of the Blockchain. These components possess a high degree of flexibility and may be tailored to meet the specific needs of individual users. The blockchain of NULS is commonly referred to as a modular blockchain due to its distinctive characteristics. The modular Blockchain architecture of NULS comprises the following components:
The micro-kernel is a software architecture that aims to minimize the size and complexity of the kernel by delegating most operating system functions to separate functional modules.
Within the NULS ecosystem, the Blockchain is effectively partitioned across many distinct modules. NULS encompasses a diverse range of intrinsic components.
The database module is a component of a software system that is responsible for managing the storage, retrieval, and manipulation of data. It
The maintenance of the database is carried out via the service interface.
The cache module is a software component that is responsible for storing and retrieving data in a computer system. It is designed to improve the
The caching feature offered by NULS encompasses the entirety of the system, enabling the creation and manipulation of cached data.
The network module is a component that facilitates communication and data exchange between different devices or systems inside a network. It enables the establishment,
The major purpose of the Network module is to provide communication services for the NULS Blockchain, manage p2p nodes, and facilitate the transmission of network data to the event bus.
The account module is a component of a software system that manages user accounts and their associated information. It provides functionality for creating, updating
The primary functionality of the Account module encompasses the management of accounts, including operations such as creation, importation, exportation, and password configuration. The NULS account has the capability to be shared by both the main-chain and sub-chain.
The Event Bus module is a software component that facilitates communication and coordination between different modules or components inside a system. It acts as a central hub for the exchange of events,
The fundamental purpose of the Event Bus Module encompasses the transmission, reception, filtration, distribution, and publication/subscription of events.
The consensus module refers to a component or module inside a system that is responsible for achieving consensus across several participants or nodes in a distributed
The primary function of this module is to oversee and manage several aspects of the consensus process, including consensus operation, block verification, consensus reward calculation, reward distribution, transaction fee calculation, and the implementation of punishments for nodes that violate the established rules and protocols.
The Ledger Module is a component that facilitates the recording and management of financial transactions inside a system. It is designed to maintain an accurate
This accounting ledger records the transactions of all the blocks. Furthermore, it delineates the fundamental procedures associated with NULS token transactions.
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In this discussion, we will explore the concepts of module management, service bus, and event bus. The NULS Micro-Kernel is comprised of these three constituent components. The microkernel is responsible for the management of all the modules.
The Module Manager is tasked with the responsibility of facilitating the loading and unloading processes of all modules within the chain.
The Service Bus is responsible for managing the service handling of each module.
The Event Bus is tasked with facilitating the publishing and subscription of events inside a module. The events occurring within the NULS network may be classified into two distinct types:
Local Event- An event that takes place inside a certain geographical area or community.
A network event refers to the occurrence of events that include the interaction and communication between various nodes within a network.
The NULS network employs a hierarchical data format for events, which is organized into distinct levels including the Logic Layer, Module Layer, and Cross-chain Layer. The implementation of a layered data structure for events enhances the scalability of the NULS Blockchain.
The internal implementation of each module is limited to its own scope, ensuring that the upgrade of one module does not disrupt the functioning of other modules.
The NULS framework is characterized by its modular architecture, which allows for individual modules to be upgraded in accordance with technological advancements. The communication and interaction between these modules is facilitated by the Event Bus and Service Bus mechanisms.
The NULS micro-kernel carries out its role through four distinct methods:
The topic of discussion is module management.
The topic of interest is task management.
Service management is a discipline that focuses on the planning, organizing, and controlling of activities related to the delivery of services to customers.
Configuration management refers to the process of systematically managing and controlling the many elements and components of a system or project. It involves the identification
The topic of discussion pertains to the management of modules.
The primary purpose of this function is to oversee and regulate the life cycle of all modules within NULS nodes.
The topic of interest is task management.
The primary purpose of the function is to execute several activities, including the NULS Process and NULS Thread.
When a module is instantiated, it gives rise to its primary process, commonly referred to as the NULS process. A module is responsible for executing several tasks, each of which is assigned to a NULS thread. Each thread is uniquely identified by a thread number and is associated with a specific thread name.
Service management refers to the process of planning, organizing, and controlling the delivery of services to customers. It involves several activities including as
The primary purpose of the role is to oversee and administer all of the provided services. The design of this interface exhibits a focus on catering to the needs and preferences of developers. The service manager is responsible for providing service registration information to module developers.
The NULS framework offers developers a high degree of freedom. Developers have the freedom to create their own application modules. Various developers have the capability to create distinct modules within the NULS network, which can establish communication among themselves using event-driven communication.
The NULS framework is comprised of a primary blockchain, known as the main-chain, as well as other blockchains, referred to as sub-chains. The main-chain operates on a consensus process called PoC-Proof of Credit, however the sub-chain consensus is determined by the user's preference, allowing them to select any accessible consensus mechanism from other blockchain projects.
Users or enterprises have the option to access a comprehensive range of resources from the Module Library. They may then tailor their chain by adjusting the parameters to align with their own business principles. The architectural design of NULS offers significant time-saving benefits for both individuals and organizations, while also enhancing cost efficiency. This is the point at which NULS has the potential to revolutionize the industry. The importance of this factor cannot be overstated in relation to widespread acceptance and utilization.
companies have the capability to develop decentralized applications (dApps) inside a sub-chain framework. This allows them to establish their own token by staking NULS tokens. Additionally, companies have the ability to customize their consensus mechanism and engage in commercial transactions with NULS' smart contract functionality, namely NULSVM. Notably, NULSVM supports a wide range of programming languages.
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