This is the first edition of ZK-Roller-Coaster where we track and investigate the most exciting, meaningful, and crazy ZK-stuff of the prior two weeks.

What to expect? New and ongoing ZK research discussions and proposals, new projects, updates from the already existing and beloved projects, ZK-drama, some educational watchings and writings, opportunities for builders, and puzzles for the curious. Not all of these every time but all of these from time to time.

Let’s start with the first edition of ZK-Roller-Coaster! Hold on tight! 🎢

Spice of the week 🌶️

Apparently no one really knows how rollups actually work! Kelvin from Optimism gives a nice presentation on his rollup mental model, and asserts that ZK Rollups don’t exist! The horror! (But neither do optimistic rollups, according to him… they are all just rollups).

ZK and rollups research 🧙

ethresearch thread on “based” or “L1-sequenced” rollups (by Justin Drake). TLDR: “we highlight a special subset of rollups we call “based” or “L1-sequenced”. The sequencing of such rollups — based sequencing — is maximally simple and inherits L1 liveness and decentralisation. Moreover, based rollups are particularly economically aligned with their base L1.” Taiko supports the approach to be as decentralized as possible, fully depending on Ethereum for sequencer/proposer decentralization.

ethresearch proposal: Making Designated Verifier Signatures Compatible on Ethereum (by Shrey Jain and Enrico Bottazzi). Short summary in the Enrico’s thread.

ethresearch proposal of a new ZK-based Cross-Rollup-Communication Protocol (by Daniel Ivanov from LimeLabs).

A community-maintained collection of bugs, vulnerabilities, and exploits in apps using ZK crypto by 0xPARC community.

Alex Stokes published the draft of “systemization of knowledge”: what we mean when we talk about “sequencing”? That’s work in progress, feel free to contribute.

ZK and rollups updates 🎈

Espresso Systems published a paper (by Ben Fisch and Benedikt Bünz) presenting Espresso Sequencer, a tool for rollup decentralization.

Avail, the Polygon Data Availability solution, will be spun off completely from Polygon Labs.

Geometry presents Semacaulk, a gas-efficient zero-knowledge set membership protocol.

Succinct Labs introduced Telepathy, decentralized and secure zkSNARK interoperability protocol for Ethereum.

Sismo launched zkConnect = anon auth + selective data disclosure.

Porçu Quine (Filecoin Proofs team) introduced Lurk, a new LISP-based programming language for zk-SNARKs.

Arbitrum announced the launch of DAO governance.

Non-ZK industry highlights 🎡

Recap (by Tim Beiko) and recording of the last Ethereum Execution Layer Meeting (set the Shapella mainnet date (!!), covered every potential Cancun EIP so far, discussed local block building, etc.)

Flashbots Transparency Report.

Opportunities 🏄‍♀️

Apr 19: a deep dive into Sangria, a new folding scheme for Plonk with relaxed plonk constraints, a discord chat by Nico from Geometry.

Readings and watchings 🎞

General

Rollups Aren't Real: a long longread by Jon Charbonneau about Forced Transaction Inclusion Mechanisms, L2 Sequencer Decentralization and (Optionally) Consensus, Shared Sequencers & X-Chain Atomicity and MEV-Aware Design.

Deconstructing Rollups: what really defines the rollup? The community or a validating bridge? – an article by Patrick McCorry.

The future of Private, Flexible & Anonymous voting (by Raf Solari from Tally and O(1) Labs), a twitter space recording.

Danksharding part 1 with Yuval Domb, a lecture.

Rollups Through the Prism of Validating Bridges, slides from ETHDubai talk by Toghrul Maharramov from Scroll.

Optimal zkVM Design (by Max Gillett), a short talk.

Fancy mathematics, cryptography, and quantum physics

Constant Gas Function Dispatchers in the EVM, a longread by philogy.

TFHE (Fully Homomorphic Encryption) Deep Dive - Part I - Ciphertext types, a longread by Zama.

The current state of EVM languages, a research longread by jtriley.

ZKWasm: Expanding the Horizons of Privacy-Preserving Technologies with SuperNova, a longread by Wyatt Benno from ICME Labs.

An exponential improvement for diagonal Ramsey, thread-explanation by Timothy Gowers.

Unifying flavors of fault tolerance with the ZX calculus, a research paper.

Thank you for reading the first edition of ZK-Roller-Coaster. See you in two weeks! 🚵‍♀️

#crypto101 #Web3 #Layer2 #rollup #ETH

Arbitrum ( #ARB ) son 21 günde gerçekleştirdiği yükseliş hareketiyle %58 seviyelerinde bir yükseliş gösterdi. Kripto para ekosisteminde en değerli projeler arasında yer alan #Arbitrum 'un teknik görünümü ise aşağıdaki gibidir. Yaşanacak bir geri çekilme sonrası sarı ok ile belirtilen hedefler takip edilebilir.

Arbitrum (ARB) Nedir? Özellikleri Nelerdir?
Arbitrum, #Ethereum 'un ölçeklenebilirliğini iyileştirmek için tasarlanmış bir Layer 2 ölçeklendirme çözümüdür. Arbitrum, Ethereum'un güvenlik ve uyumluluğunu korurken, işlem hızını ve işlem ücretlerini önemli ölçüde artırmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Arbitrum, #rollup teknolojisini kullanır. Rollup, işlemleri Ethereum'un ana zincirinden çıkararak ve bunları bir yardımcı zincire aktararak ölçeklenebilirliği iyileştirmeyi amaçlayan bir teknolojidir. Arbitrum, Optimistic Rollup olarak bilinen bir rollup türüdür.
Arbitrum'un başlıca özellikleri şunlardır:
Yüksek ölçeklenebilirlik: Arbitrum, saniyede 10.000'den fazla işlem gerçekleştirebilir. Bu, Ethereum'un ana zincirinden çok daha yüksektir.Düşük işlem ücretleri: Arbitrum'daki işlem ücretleri, genellikle saniyede 0,00001 ABD doları'ndan azdır. Bu, Ethereum'un ana zincirindeki işlem ücretlerinden çok daha düşüktür.Güvenlik: Arbitrum, Ethereum'un güvenlik ve uyumluluğunu korumaktadır.
Arbitrum, çeşitli dApp'ler (merkezsiz uygulamalar) için bir platform olarak kullanılmaktadır. Arbitrum'da şu anda çalışan dApp'lerden bazıları şunlardır:
Uniswap: Bir merkezi olmayan borsaSushiSwap: Bir merkezi olmayan borsaAave: Bir merkezi olmayan borç verme platformuCurve: Bir likidite havuzu protokolü
Arbitrum, Ethereum'un en popüler #Layer2 ölçeklendirme çözümlerinden biridir. Arbitrum, Ethereum'un ölçeklenebilirliğini iyileştirmede önemli bir rol oynaması beklenmektedir.
Arbitrum'un yatırım açısından riskleri ve getirileri de dikkate alınmalıdır. Arbitrum, henüz gelişmekte olan bir teknoloji olduğu için, fiyatı oldukça değişken olabilir. Bu nedenle, Arbitrum'a yatırım yapmadan önce riskleri dikkatlice değerlendirmek önemlidir.
Arbitrum'un başlıca faydaları şunlardır:
Yüksek ölçeklenebilirlik: Arbitrum, saniyede 10.000'den fazla işlem gerçekleştirebilir. Bu, Ethereum'un ana zincirinden çok daha yüksektir. Bu, dApp'lerin daha fazla kullanıcıya ve işlem hacmine ulaşmasını sağlar.Düşük işlem ücretleri: Arbitrum'daki işlem ücretleri, genellikle saniyede 0,00001 ABD doları'ndan azdır. Bu, Ethereum'un ana zincirindeki işlem ücretlerinden çok daha düşüktür. Bu, kullanıcıların daha az ücret ödeyerek dApp'leri kullanmasını sağlar.Güvenlik: Arbitrum, Ethereum'un güvenlik ve uyumluluğunu korumaktadır. Bu, kullanıcıların verilerinin ve varlıklarının güvende olmasını sağlar.
$ARB $ETH $OP

opBNB, a promising Layer 2 scaling solution for Binance Smart Chain (BSC), aims to enhance the performance of the BSC network while reducing transaction costs. Let's dive into what opBNB is and how it operates.

What is opBNB?

opBNB is an optimistic #rollup network designed to address scalability issues on the BSC. It aims to relieve the BSC mainnet by handling a significant portion of transaction processing, resulting in faster and more affordable transactions. opBNB uses a sequencer to order transactions and a Batcher to group them into batches.

The key innovation of opBNB lies in its ability to achieve high throughput without compromising security. It achieves this by relying on the BSC mainnet for the final validation of transactions on its execution layer, ensuring transaction integrity.

Binance Smart Chain (BSC): A Brief Overview

Binance Smart Chain is an Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)-compatible Layer 1 network developed as an alternative to Ethereum during its scalability challenges. BSC separates execution and consensus layers, using a Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism. This design made BSC significantly faster than Ethereum at the time.

BSC's EVM compatibility allows developers to port their Ethereum applications to BSC with ease. It has gained substantial adoption, with a daily average of 1.2 million active addresses.

How Does opBNB Work?

opBNB is built on the OP Stack, a modular optimistic rollup framework for scaling various blockchain networks. It operates by batching transactions and submitting them for validation on the BSC mainnet. This optimistic rollup approach trusts the integrity of transactions and achieves faster transaction processing.

The security of opBNB is ensured by leveraging the security infrastructure of the BSC mainnet. Every opBNB transaction is published to the main network, and validators screen these transactions for inconsistencies. To compromise opBNB, an attacker would need to breach the security of both opBNB and BSC.

Key Features of opBNB

1. Scalability: opBNB reduces network congestion on BSC by processing transactions in batches, resulting in lower fees and faster transactions.

2. Interoperability: It's compatible with other Layer 2 platforms using the OP Stack, fostering collaboration and innovation.

3. Secured by BSC: Leveraging the security of BSC, opBNB publishes transaction data to ensure transparency and security.

Final Thoughts

As blockchain networks evolve, Layer 2 scaling solutions like opBNB become vital for improving scalability and user experience. While opBNB shares similarities with other optimistic rollup solutions, its focus on BSC sets it apart. It's an exciting development for BSC, aiming to enhance its efficiency.

However, users should exercise caution and employ risk management strategies when using new platforms, as early performance can be volatile. Remember that this article serves as an educational resource and not financial advice.

#opBNB #opbnb